Психогенная одышка, или нейрогенная гипервентиляция (НГ), -это устойчивый сим-птомокомплекс, обусловленный функцио-нальным нарушением центральной регу-ляции дыхания, который характеризуется постоянным или приступообразным дыха-тельным дискомфортом, аритмичным и глу-боким дыханием [6]. С физиологической точки зрения, при ПО нарушены централь-ные регуляторные механизмы, приводящие легочную вентиляцию в соответствие с мета-болическими потребностями организма, вследствие чего и развивается гипервенти-ляция, вызывающая гипокапнию [3,7,9].Психогенная одышка является одной из форм функциональных дыхательных рас-стройств (Functional respiratory disorders [14]) и принципиально отличается от одышки при острой или хронической дыхатель-ной недостаточности. Актуальность функ-циональных нарушений дыхания для боль-ных ИБС обусловлена широким спектром сердечно-сосудистых расстройств, вызы-ваемых НГ, которые органично вписыва-ются в структуру патогенеза ИБС. Они вклю-чают спастические реакции коронарных артерий, синдром гипердинамизма мио-карда, тахикардию, способность провоциро-

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Over the past 20 years, there has been a clear trend to increase in the number of infertile men in Ukraine, their percentage reaches 50% in infertile couples. There is a significant percentage of male infertility caused by azoospermia – the lack of sperm in the ejaculate. In male infertility, azoospermia is found in 10–15% of patients, among other forms of pathospermia. Given the ambiguity of ideas about the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment and diagnostic approaches for various types of infertility, it remains important to clarify the relationship of urogenital infections with the regulatory systems of cells, including the state of the pro- and antioxidant system and the search for additional markers. 119 patients with various forms of azoospermia were examined. All patients underwent the following studies: spermogram, infectious screening, inhibin B, lipid peroxidation, activity of enzymes of the glutathione antioxidant system in sperm plasma and blood serum. Infectious screening included analysis of urethral secretions, bacteriological examination of sperm or prostate secretion, assessment of the species and quantitative composition of the microflora of the male urogenital tract. According to the results of spermogram and other diagnostic methods, a non-obstructive form of azoospermia was detected in 69 patients. In obstructive azoospermia, ejaculate as such was absent. It is suggested that inhibin B may be an important medical diagnostic test for azoospermia. As a result of the conducted researches the importance of determining the concentration of inhibin B as a marker of azoospermia was demonstrated and a negative correlation of moderate strength between the content of inhibin B and testosterone level in the plasma of men with non-obstructive azoospermia was revealed. It was found that Ureaplasma pervum and Ureaplasma urealyticum infect the male genitourinary system to the greatest extent among a number of microorganisms, both in non-obstructive and obstructive forms of azoospermia. Enterococcus faecalis is more pronounced in the sperm fluid in the non-obstructive form of azoospermia and prostate secreton in the obstructive form of azoospermia. In the non-obstructive form of azoospermia in the seminal plasma and serum, the processes of lipid peroxidation intensify, the concentration of reduced glutathione decreases and the activities of the enzymes of the glutathione antioxidant system (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase) decrease. It can be considered that an important diagnostic test for the nonobstructive form of azoospermia is the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione in sperm plasma.

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To date, according to statistics, in Ukraine there is an increase in the number of infertile marriages. Many studies have emphasized the male factor of infertility Often, male infertility is the result of a previous infectious disease or an acute genital inflammation. Microorganisms that infect sperm usually persist in the urinary tract as a monoinfection or form associations. Microorganisms in biofilms are able to acquire new, not yet studied, properties. Persistence of pathogens in the urogenital tract of men triggers several mechanisms of the pathological action on sperm, the first of which is the infectious factor, directly related to the adhesion and resulting in a complete or partial decrease in the mobility and deformation of sperm. On the other hand, the development of the inflammatory process as a trigger of an immune response directed simultaneously against the infectious agent and the affected sperm. The increase in the number of leukocytes at the site of inflammation activates the secretion of biological substances which also have a damaging effect on sperm. The generalized data allow drawing a conclusion about the significant influence of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms as part of associations or monoinfection on the morphofunctional state of spermatozoa.