Metabolic syndrome is a common pathological condition based on an increase of the mass of visceral fat, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, carbohydrate, lipid and protein disorders. The natural course of the metabolic syndrome can be affected by the presence of intercurrent diseases connected with metabolic disorder, and helminthic infections are among them. This review presents an analysis of the results of current epidemiological and experimental studies of metabolic syndrome and abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism associated with helminth infections.
Background. Cryptosporidium protozoa are the leading causative agent of diarrhea and cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The role of cryptosporidia in the development and course of acute intestinal infections (AII) in children in Russia remains unstudied. Objective. Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical laboratory features of cryptosporidium-associated aII in children under 5 years of age. Methods. A cross-sectional study (conducted in March-June 2017) included children admitted to hospital with symptoms of AII (fever, loose watery stools, weakness, decreased appetite and/or vomiting) by the ambulance service. On admission, stool samples were collected from all patients. Cryptosporidium oocysts were determined by microscopic examination of faecal smears stained according to Tsil-Nielsen after preliminary concentration by a modified formalin-ether technique. The presence of intestinal pathogens was determined by a bacteriological technique and using a polymerase chain reaction. Results. The study included 107 children with AII (girls — 51%). Cryptosporidia were detected in 28 (26%) patients, in 93% of cases — together with bacterial and/or viral pathogens. The etiological structure of cryptosporidium-associated AII and AII in cryptosporidiosis negative children (n = 79) did not differ. On admission, children with cryptosporidium-associated AII had a higher blood leukocyte count — 13.0_109/L (9.2; 16.0) versus 8.3_109/L (6.1; 11.2) in children without cryptosporidiosis (p < 0.001). It has been also found that antibiotics were more often used in the treatment of children with cryptosporidium-associated AII — in 21 (75%) versus 39 (49%) in the comparison group (p = 0.026). Conclusion. Cryptosporidia are detected in every fourth child with AII under 5 years of age. Patients with cryptosporidia are distinguished by a higher level of blood leukocytes upon admission and a more frequent prescription of antibiotics than in the group of cryptosporidiosis negative patients.
РЕЗЮМЕСогласно официальной медицинской статистике, случаи инвазии, вызываемые печеночными трематодами Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini и Clonorchis sinensis, ежегодно регистрируются как в регионах Юго-Восточной Азии, так и в европейских странах, в Российской Федерации, являясь причиной заболеваний органов пищеварительной системы у населения ýндемичных регионов. Цель обзора -анализ результатов ýпидемиологических исследований, посвященных оценке взаимосвязи злокачественных новообразований гепатобилиарной системы и печеночных трематодозов, вызванных гельминтами семейства Opisthorchiidae. Изучены оригинальные исследования, опубликованные за период 1974-2019 гг. и размещенные в базах данных MEDLINE и научной ýлектронной библиотеки eLIBRARY. Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют, что холангиокарцинома является значимой медико-социальной проблемой в ýндемичных по трематодозам регионах Юго-Восточной Азии ввиду отсутствия специфических симптомов, длительного бессимптомного течения, резистентности к терапии и высокой смертности пациентов. Длительная персистенция в организме печеночных трематод Opisthorchis viverrini и Clonorchis sinensis ассоциирована со значительным риском развития холангиоцеллюлярного рака. Требуется проведение ýпидемиологического многоцентрового исследования для установления взаимосвязи инвазии Opisthorchis felineus и холангиокарциномы у населения ýндемичных регионов Российской Федерации. Ключевые слова: холангиокарцинома, Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus, рак печени, обзор, ýпидемиологическое исследование. Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи. Источник финансирования. Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант «Разработка алгоритма ранней диагностики злокачественных новообразований гепатобилиарного тракта, ассоциированных с инвазией Opisthorchis felineus, у населения ýндемичных регионов», договор от 22.
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