Rational ways of treatment of fecal sludge (FS) from environmentally friendly toilet complexes of railway cars preserved with a biocidal agent (BA) based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) are considered. The bacteriostatic effect of BA on different groups (aerobic and anaerobic) of microorganisms in preserved FS was shown. An effective method for reducing the toxic effect of BA in FS by means of pretreatment with acid prior to microbiological processing has been proposed. The conditions for carrying out the process were selected, allowing to increase the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation of FS containing BA.
Представлены результаты исследования влияния обработки субстратов анаэробных биореакторов в аппарате вихревого слоя (АВС) на жизнеспособность микроорганизмов, обитающих в субстратах. Методом микроскопии установлено, что в обработанном в АВС в течение двух минут активном иле отсутствуют свободно плавающие жизнеспособные простейшие Protozoa . Подтвержден факт измельчения хлопьев активного ила, содержащегося в субстратах анаэробных биореакторов. Показано, что при длительной обработке в АВС (300 с) хлопья активного ила разрушаются более интенсивно, чем при менее продолжительной обработке (37,5 с). При этом сохраняется жизнеспособность микроорганизмов, в том числе метаногенов, за исключением простейших Protozoa , что имеет важное значение для их последующего использования для биологической конверсии биомассы с целью получения биогаза и высококачественных удобрений. Показано, что обработка в АВС способствовала улучшению массообмена микроорганизмов с питательной средой за счет тонкодисперсного измельчения (от 50 до 100 мкм) субстрата. Preliminary treatment of organic waste before its treatment in bioreactors promotes intensification of anaerobic bioconversion of organic waste which is classified as a renewable energy source. The results of studying influence of treating substrates of anaerobic bioreactors in vortex layer apparatus (VLA) on viability of microorganisms living in the substrates, are presented. Microscopy study shows no free-floating viable protozoa in the active sludge after VLA treatment for two minutes. The fact of grinding flakes of activated sludge from the substrates of anaerobic bioreactors is confirmed. It is found that a long-term VLA processing (300 s) leads to more intensive destroying flakes of the activated sludge as compared to a short-term treatment (37.5 s). At the same time, the viability of microorganisms, including methanogens, is maintained, with the exception of the protozoa, which is important for their subsequent use in biological conversion of biomass resulting in obtaining biogas and high-quality fertilizers. It has been shown that the VLA treatment contributed to the improvement of the mass exchange between microorganisms and a nutrient medium due to the fine grinding of the substrate (from 50 to 100 micrometers).
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