Objective: to justify the main directions of optimizing the medical care system for HIV-infected military personnel of the Ministry of Defense of Russia on the basis of studying the clinical, epidemiological and social characteristics of. servicemen.The materials consisted of 188 case histories of servicemen undergoing examination and treatment in the only specialized department for military medical examination and treatment of the Ministry of Defense of Russia. In the processing and analysis of data we used modern methods of descriptive statistics.Results of the study. HIV infection rate of the servicemen in Russian Federation is at a consistently low level. HIV-positive servicemen are characterized by: sexual heterosexual way of infection; high social status (income, education, housing conditions), low prevalence of associated pathology. Access of most HIV-positive military personnel to dispensary observation (76,6%) and receiving antiretroviral therapy (66,1%) in the centers for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases has already been implemented, despite the lack of a regulatory framework of the Russian Ministry of Defense. A high level of adherence to dispensary observation and receiving antiretroviral therapy (about 95%) was noted in HIV-positive military personnel. Ensuring the legitimate access of HIV-infected military personnel to antiretroviral therapy practically does not require an increase in funding.