У роботі представлено віддалені результати хірургічного лікування інфекційного ендокардиту (ІЕ) у дітей із вродженими вадами серця (ВВС). За період з січня 2007 по грудень 2017 рік в ДУ «НІССХ імені М. М. Амосова НАМН» було прооперовано 32 дитини з ІЕ на фоні ВВС. Середній вік пацієнтів на момент операції становив 11,6±5,7 років. Госпітальна летальність склала 6,2% (два пацієнти). У віддалені строки після хірургічного втручання обстежено 28 пацієнтів – 93,3% виписаних на госпітальному етапі. Період спостереження тривав від п’яти місяців до 10,1 років (5,9±2,5 років). Вік пацієнтів на момент обстеження варіював від 2,1 до 24,3 років (17,1±7,8). У віддаленому періоді померло два пацієнти (7,1%). За даними аналізу (Kaplan-Meier), показник кумулятивної виживаності хворих через 1 рік після операції склав 100%, через 5 років – 96,2%, через 10 років – 90,2 %. У двох (7,1%) клінічних випадках були повторно виявлені ознаки ІЕ. Показник частки пацієнтів без повторних операцій у віддаленому періоді спостереження через 1 рік склав 92,6%, через 5 років – 84 ,2%, через 10 років – 77,2%.
Background. Aortic arch hypoplasia is a congenital anomaly of the development of the aortic arch characterized by hemodynamically significant narrowing of one or more segments of the aortic arch. Despite the great interest in the problem of aortic arch hypoplasia, there are many contradictions in terms of terminology and classification. It is quite difficult to draw a clear line between normal physiology and pathology to determine in which cases there is a true hypoplasia, so, from a practical standpoint, the fundamental issue is the selection of criteria with reference to which we can talk about clinically and prognostically significant aortic arch hypoplasia. Important and yet controversial are the issues of multi-stage treatment of aortic arch hypoplasia and concomitant congenital heart diseases (CHD), and, in case of the isolated variant of hypoplasia, the choice of surgical approach. The aim of the study was to discuss different strategies and surgical approaches for patients with aortic arch hypoplasia, with an emphasis on surgical solutions and based on many years of experience, to develop an algorithm for diagnostic and surgical treatment of the aortic arch hypoplasia in infants. Conclusions. Aortic arch hypoplasia in infants remains a complicated issue in pediatric cardiac surgery. The variety of anatomical forms of isolated aortic arch hypoplasia and common overlap with other CHD raises many questions for the cardiac surgeon. Decisions concerning diagnosis and choice of further treatment tactics made in the neonatal period will affect not only the immediate but also the long-term outcome in the future. The algorithm of diagnostic and patient management with aortic arch hypoplasia allows to make the right timely decision which will affect the outcome of surgical treatment of this complex pathology.
Введение. Вопрос этапности хирургического лечения гипоплазии дуги аорты в сочетании с другими врожденными пороками сердца (ВПС) остается дискутабельным. Преимущества одноэтапного лечения такого сложного сочетания и хорошие отдаленные результаты делают одноэтапное лечение методом выбора коррекции гипоплазии дуги аорты с сопутствующими ВПС. Цель. Провести анализ непосредственных и отдаленных результатов одноэтапной коррекции гипоплазии дуги аорты в сочетании с другими ВПС у младенцев. Материалы и методы. Группу исследования составили 148 последовательных пациентов неонатального периода, которым выполнена одноэтапная коррекция гипоплазии дуги аорты и сопутствующих ВПС. Пациенты с одножелудочковой физиологией не были включены в исследование. Пациентов мужского пола было 95 (64%), женского - 53 (36%). Средний возраст пациентов составил 1,2±0,5 месяца, средняя масса тела - 3,8±1,1 кг. Сегмент дуги аорты считали гипоплазированным, если отклонение Z-score составляло менее 2,0. Результаты. Госпитальная летальность составила 2,7% (n=4). Причины летальности были связаны с коррекцией сопутствующих ВПС. Длительность искусственного кровообращения в среднем составила 111,4±39,2 мин, время пережатия аорты - 73,4±41,5 мин, время селективной церебральной перфузии - 22,4±7,4 мин. Градиент давления в месте пластики дуги аорты после операции в среднем был 18,2±11,5 мм рт. ст. Продолжительность периода наблюдения составила от 1 месяца до 9,4 года (среднее значение 2,8±2,5 года). В отдаленном периоде летальных случаев не было. У 14 (9,4%) пациентов в послеоперационном периоде развился повторный стеноз на дуге аорты, который был успешно устранен эндоваскулярным или хирургическим путем. Показатель свободы от повторных операций в отдаленном периоде наблюдения через 1 год составил 89,4%, через 4 года и следующие 6 лет оставался постоянным и был 87,5%. Случаев компрессии трахеи, бронхов, неврологических осложнений в отдаленном периоде не наблюдалось. Заключение. Одноэтапная коррекция гипоплазии дуги аорты в сочетании с другими ВПС является эффективным и безопасным методом лечения у младенцев с хорошими непосредственными и отдаленными результатами. Проведенное исследование указывает на то, что данная хирургическая стратегия может быть приемлемой альтернативой двухэтапному хирургическому лечению этой комплексной патологии. Introduction. The question of the stages of surgical treatment of aortic arch hypoplasia in combination with other congenital heart defects (CHD) continues to be debated. The advantages of one-stage treatment of such a complex combination and good long-term results make one-stage treatment the method of choice for correcting hypoplasia of the aortic arch with concomitant CHD. Purpose. To analyze the immediate and long-term results of one-stage repair of aortic arch hypoplasia in combination with other CHD in infants. Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 148 consecutive neonatal patients who underwent one-stage repair of aortic arch hypoplasia and concomitant CHD. Patients with a single ventricular physiology were not included in this study. There were 95 male patients (64%), female - 53 (36%). The average age of the patients was 1.2±0.5 months. (from 0.03 to 12 months), the average body weight was 3.8±1.1 kg (from 2.2 to 7.5 kg). A segment of the aortic arch was considered hypoplastic if the deviation of the Z-score was less than 2.0. Results. Hospital mortality was 2.7% (n=4). The causes of mortality were associated with the correction of concomitant defects. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time 111.4±39.2 minutes, the mean aortic cross-clamp time was 73.4±41.5 minutes, and the time of selective cerebral perfusion was 22.4±7.4 minutes. The mean pressure gradient at the site of the aortic arch repair was 18.2±11.5 mm Hg. The long-term follow-up ranged from 1 month to 9.4 years (mean 2.8±2.5 years). In the long- term period, there were no deaths. Restenosis on the aortic arch developed in 14 (9.4%) patients in the postoperative period, which was successfully treated endovascular or surgically. The freedom from reoperations in the long-term follow-up period after 1 year was 89.4%, after 4 years and the next 6 years it remained constant at 87.5%. There were no cases of compression of the trachea, bronchi, neurological complications in the long-term period. Conclusion. One-stage repair of the aortic arch hypoplasia in combination with other CHD is an effective and safe method of treatment in infants with good immediate and long-term results. The conducted research indicates that this surgical strategy can be an acceptable alternative to two- stage surgical treatment of this complex pathology.
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a discrete stenosis of the proximal thoracic aorta. The common clinical pattern is congestive heart failure in infancy. Treatment methods include balloon angioplasty (BA) and surgical repair in this age group. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty is a less invasive method for the repair of discrete coarctation but remains controversial as a primary treatment strategy for a native coarctation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and outcome of balloon angioplasty and surgical repair in infants with coarctation of the aorta younger than one year old. Methods. Between January 2011 and December 2017, 59 patients with native aortic coarctation were treated in National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. This retrospective study evaluated the results of the two methods in patients younger than one year old with the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta. Group 1 included 18 patients who accepted balloon dilatation for discrete coarctation. Group 2 included 41 patients who underwent surgical resection with end-to-end anastomosis. Patients with complex cardiac anomalies were not included in this study. Results. Immediate results revealed no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two methods (p value =0.06). While the rate of recurrent coarctation was significantly lower in the surgery group [1 (2,4%) vs. 13 (72,2%), p value =0.0017]. The mean hospital stay was 6.4±3.6 days in the balloon angioplasty group and 21.5±8.7 days in the surgery group, which constitutes a significant statistical difference (p value <0.05). Aneurysm formation was not encountered. Conclusion. Both surgical repair and balloon angioplasty for native coarctation of the aorta in infants were effective and beneficial. These data suggest that balloon angioplasty can be acceptable alternative to surgical treatment but due to the high level of recoarctation this method may be considered in critically ill infants with congestive heart failure as a primary palliative procedure. The limitations of this study were its retrospective, nonrandomized nature, and smaller case numbers.
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