Over the past 10-15 years, cities have emerged as clear leaders in global climate action. The wealth of frameworks, methods and tools aimed to support urban climate governance and decision-making have created a picture of progress on the topic, however, practical examples of success are limited to a limited group of forerunners. This research aims to address the gap between needs, theory and practice, by providing a critical review of the current developments from the lenses of sustainability science and ecological economics. Based on their integration, we developed ten minimum criteria for development and selection of actionable means: (1) legitimacy, salience and credibility; (2) consideration of social-ecological-economic dynamics; (3) critical pluralism; (4) inclusivity; (5) equality; (6) nexus; (7) transparency; (8) usability; (9) VUCA-fit; 10) transformative potential. The minimum criteria were used to assess 10 selected frameworks, 13 methods and 9 tools, providing decision-makers initial guidelines for making better choices. The analysis revealed that while comprehensive urban climate governance frameworks already exist, sophistication and usability of decision-support methods and tools require further work, while common reliance on simple means limits available opportunities. Thus, it is important to make multi-criteria, multi-objective, adaptive and robust approaches better accessible to urban decision-makers beyond the expert circles to support more effective climate action, while the suggested minimum criteria can be used to provide initial guidelines for such developments.
Звернено увагу на особливості виникнення та формування сучасних моделей економіки. Наведено поняття та розглянуто єдності, відмінності та напрями взаємодії між різними економіками: екологічною, зеленою, синьою, коричневою, інклюзивною трансформаційною, замкнутого циклу (або циркулярною), біоекономікою, економікою екосистем та біорізноманіття й фізичною економією. Визначено, що ключовим інструментом втілення загальновизнаної у світі концепції сталого розвитку є екологічна економіка. Розглянуто зв’язок між концепціями «зелена економіка» і «сталий розвиток» та з’ясовано, що «зелена економіка – це орієнтована на результат концепція, спрямована на досягнення конвергенції між трьома складовими сталого розвитку», однак стратегії переходу до «зеленої економіки» потребують ґрунтовнішого розроблення економічних важелів на рівні як національних економік, так і окремих секторів. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування нового еколого-економічного мислення та ментальності суспільства, шлях до яких лежить через екологізацію освіти. Визначено спільну мету сучасної економіки, яка полягає у подоланні суперечностей між екологічною та економічною системами, збереженні якості довкілля і раціональному використанні природних ресурсів. З огляду на імплементацію законодавства Європейського Союзу щодо охорони та збереження навколишнього природного середовища в Україні, обґрунтовано перспективні напрями екологізації освіти і розвитку сучасних моделей економіки. Визначено перспективи подальших досліджень, які полягають у визначенні кращих моделей екологізації економіки та розробленні теоретико-методологічної основи, спрямованої на забезпечення практичної реалізації визначених моделей економіки в Україні.
The sphere of tourism is one of the main industries that affects the general state and development trends of the world economy. Tourism is one of the top three industries in terms of generated income in the world. It is developing at a fast pace and occupies an important place in the world economy. The war going on in Ukraine today has no analogues in modern European history. It is difficult to make a correct analogy of the development of tourism in Ukraine in comparison with European countries and to assess the impact of the war on the tourism sector. During the war new challenges arise, which makes adjustments to the planning and development of tourist activities. Modern world trends in the development of the tourism sphere indicate the growing interest of tourists in recreation, which is directly related to nature. In Ukraine, there is a significant potential for the development of rural tourism thanks to various natural conditions and resources. Rest in the countryside is one of the promising directions for the revival and development of rural settlements. Rural tourism combines a number of resources that can make a tourist's vacation attractive and unforgettable. The article considers the current state of development of rural tourism in Ukraine, which suffered significant losses as a result of the large-scale war by the Russian Federation against Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The data on the direct damage to the infrastructure as a result of destruction caused by Russia's military aggression against Ukraine in the year since the beginning of the full-scale invasion are given. It is highlighted the main tasks regarding the implementation of measures aimed at the successful development of rural tourism in the conditions of war in Ukraine. The strengths and weaknesses, potential opportunities and threats are determined based on the SWOT analysis of the development of rural tourism in Ukraine. It is proposed a conditional division of the territory of Ukraine into six regions for the development of rural tourism in the war and post-war period. The main obstacles and prospects for the development of rural tourism in Ukraine are revealed.
Research on nature-based solutions, green infrastructure, and ecosystem services to support climate action in cities has proliferated over the past decade. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the unique features of urban forests under climate change. This paper addresses this gap by providing an integrative critical review of 44 articles published during the 2000-2020 period. The review allowed to identify three key themes that require further research: (1) the need to strengthen the framing of urban forests under climate change in the light of other discourses; (2) the need to better understand the complexity of urban forest benefits and exposures, and (3) the need to facilitate further knowledge integration to support more informed and inclusive decision making. The paper concludes by highlighting prospects for collaboration across science, policy and practice contexts.
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