Granger`s (1969) concept and definitions of causality, feedback, and instantaneous causality and Akaike final prediction error criterion and extended by Chan (1982) to fit a multivariate autoregressive model are used. The objective of the paper is to distinguish between simple, feedback and instantaneous causality. The notion of feedback between endogenous and exogenous variables in the bivariate AR model and its extension to the tri-variate AR models are presented. As an application to these causality notions, the paper aimed to reach the optimal lag structure in forecasting some monetary variables in the Egyptian economy from Q12005 to Q42018. Variables selected were "current deposits of local currency", "loan totals" and "quasi-money". The three variables were correlated, and each variable was used as an endogenous function of itself lagged and the other two variables as exogeneous. The study also aimed to test if prediction is improved if current values and previous values are used in the prediction equation. The simple causal model showed that a) "current deposits" is best predicted lagged 7, lag one for "Total Loans", and current value of " Quasi-Money"; b) "Total Loans" is best predicted using " Current deposit`s" current value, "Total Loans" lagged 6,, and " Quasi-Money" lagged 1; and c) "current Quasi-Money" is best predicted from the current value of " Current Deposits" and "Total Loans", and from " Quasi-Money" lagged 4. The instantaneous causal model showed that : a) "current deposits" is best predicted lagged 7, current values for "Total Loans", and current value of " Quasi-Money"; b) "Total Loans" is best predicted using " Current deposit`s" current value, "Total Loans" lagged 6,, and current value of " Quasi-Money"; and c) "current Quasi-Money" is best predicted from the " Current Deposits" lagged 2, and "Total Loans", lagged 1 and from " Quasi-Money" lagged 4.. The analysis showed that a one-way simple causal model exists from "loans total" to "current deposits of local currency", and from "quasi-money" to "loans total". Instantaneous causality and feedback occur between the three variables.

The study seeks to describe and analyze the Arabic databases of conference papers to identify the extent of their coverage of conference papers , their adequacy, challenges, and ways to overcome them. The study relies on the field survey method, and it is based on a checklist of the elements of the study, as well as a careful browsing of the databases sites on the Internet. The study reached several results, most notably: There are six databases concerned with the papers of Arab conferences, which are: Dar Al-Mandumah, eMarefa, Ask Zad, the Egyptian Knowledge Bank, the Arab Conference Network, and Al-Hadi database. It has been found that the databases are newly established, as most of them originated in the twentyfirst century. The databases of Dar Al-Mandumah include the largest number of conference papers(2604) conferences, then Al-Hadi database (558) conferences. Coverage periods range from 1960-2021. Four databases provide the full text, while one of the databases provides abstracts only (the Egyptian Knowledge Bank) and another database (Al-Hadi database) provides only bibliographic data, and three databases are concerned with conference papers in the field of libraries and information: Mandumah, eMarefa, and Al-Hadi . The largest coverage of conference papers was in Al-Hadi database (5379), followed by Al-Mandumah (1630), then eMarefa (900), and most of the conferences were held in Egypt, then Tunisia, followed by Saudi Arabia. The generality of conference topics was shown in general, as well as the presence of overlap in coverage between the two databases of Al-Mandumah and eMarefa . It requires that more attention be paid to covering the proceedings ‫فتحي‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫دينا‬ ‫د.‬ ‫عبدالهادي‬ ‫املؤتمرات‬ ‫لبحوث‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫املعلومات‬ ‫لعلوم‬ ‫املصرية‬ ‫املجلة‬ 4 ‫مج‬ 10 ‫ع‬ ، 1 ، ‫ابريل‬ 2023 of Arab conferences through the establishment of a unified Arabic database of Arab conference papers in various fields of knowledge.