No abstract

OwQy=W |DavY x=oWv=O 'u=Qta |UOvyt |xOmWv=O |Oa ) @wO |]N u=UWmwmU}w p}=Ut OwOLt <= RH= p}rLD Qw_vt x@ 'Q[=L Q=DWwv QO "CU= xOW O=yvW}B x} Qwi -u}Uw=o |=yu=tr= u=wva CLD |O}OH |yHwQ=yJ |=yu=tr= |a=aW |x}=B`@=wD |R=U|ve j} Q] R= x} Qwi -u}Uw=o |=yu=tr= QO pmW`@=wD u}Uw=o pmW`@=wD "Ov};|t CUO x@ |}xrtHOvJ`@=wD u=O}t =@ x} Qwi -u}Uw=o |O=yvW}B QDt=Q=B w ?=NDv= ?} QkD CkO V}=Ri= Qw_vt x@ xm OvDUy |D@=F pwyHt |=yQDt= Q=B 'x}Qwi -u}tND Qw_vt x@ 'Q[=L |xar=]t u=oOvU}wv |x@QHD T=U= Q@ "OvwW|t xO}t=v pmW hOy`@=D 'xrUt |xUOvy xm 'CU= xOW h} QaD |R=Uxv}y@ |xrUt l} 'pmW QDt=Q=B |=yu=tr= |q=@ |}=v=wD uO=O u=Wv w |O=yvW}B VwQ |HvUCLY Qw_vt x@ "CU= u; 'CU= OwHwt R}v =yv; |r}rLD MU=B xm p=Ft wO 'u=UWmwmU}w p}=Ut pL QO |O=yvW}B x} Qwi -u}Uw=o |=yu=tr= R= xO=iDU= =@ xm OvyO|t u=Wv pY=L G}=Dv "CU= xOW |UQQ@ "O}UQ ?wr]t CkO x@ l}Uqm |=yu=tr= x@ C@Uv QDtm Q=}U@ |=yu=tr= O=OaD =@ u=wD|t

|=y|vLvt 'uD@ CUmW l}v=mt '|OOa |R=UpOt 'OQU p=YD= %|O}rm u=oS=w "|vD@ |WtN |}x]kvxU |xO=U Q}D pOt 'uD@ |WWm w |Q=Wi VvQm-VvD xtOkt "1 'CU= OQDxt}v K]U l} QO u=mtQ}}eD-Q=@ \@=wQ =@ lQD VNB |v}@V}B x@ QO=k xm s}Ok uD@ wO u}@ OQU p=YD= K]U Q=DiQ [2] '2007 w=Q w uW}m "Ov=xO=O xaUwD = Q R}v [8] '2010 uW}m w x=W "Ov=xOQm |UQQ@ |y=oW}=tR; CQwY x@ = Q O}OH w ' 2 Ov}=Qi |x}L=v pw] 'CUmW |SQv= uwJty |]NQ}e CUmW l}v=mt |=yQDt= Q=B lQD lwv |oOWR=@ R= |W=v |}=Hx@=H w 4 CUmW 1 Owt Ck=] ' 3 |oOvvmW OOa u}}aD 6 xR=Ov= QF= VwQ R= xO=iDU= =@ hrDNt |vD@ R} Q=w Kw]U |= Q@ = Q 5 |v=QL@ VwQ ?r=k QO xOvv=@UJ |=yu=tr= R= u=wD|t xm CU= xOW C@=F u}vJty "OvOQm |oDN}Uosy R= w CUmW |R=UpOt |= Q@ OvtDQOk Q= R@= l} u=wva x@ OwOLt <= RH= uQk s}v R= V}@ 7 CZM l=v@UJ |x}L=v pOt swyit [9] "OQm xO=iDU= O=wt VWm \@=wQ R= |O=OaD "CU= xOW x=Q= [11 w 10] 'u= QoWywSB |NQ@ \UwD V}B [12] '2016 Vv=Q=mty w lQ=B \UwD R}v Twm=@; QO xO=iDU= OQwt V}=OH-|x}L=v |=ypOt |=y|oS}w R= |NQ@ u}vJty "CU= xOW |}xU}=kt |xar=]t |Q=}U@ "CU= xOW xar=]t [13] '2018 u=w}wvwQJ w hv=w}rU \UwD l=v@UJ |vD@ Q}D V}=tR; R= xO=iDU= =@ |vD@ R} Q=w Kw]U CUmW l}v=mt C=}YwYN R= C=}YwYN [21] '2011 uW}m w x=W [2014] "OvwW|t u}}aD |WtN |}x]kvxU |wQ Q@ 'p=D}H}O Q} w=YD |oDU@ty VwQ R= xO=iDU= =@ = Q uD@ R} Q=w K]U CUmW CtU wO QO uD@ |= Q@ hrDNt |Q=Wi Ctw=kt =@ |WtN |}x]kvxU |vD@ |=yQ}D "OvOQm xar=]t 'Ow@ xOW xO=O Q= Qk Q}D \Uw QO s=k CQwY x@ xm '|R}Q=w K]U pw= Owt lQD Q=WDv= |UQQ@ CyH |WywSB [22] '2018 u= Q=mty w nv=} 'u}vJty O}OH |@=QN pOt l} =@ 8 Ovw}B Q@ |vD@t l}t=v}O} QB VwQ R= xO=iDU= =@ uD@ QO |=yR=U w CN=U ?re= QO xm CU= |v=tDN=U Kr=Yt u} QDsyt uD@ 'Q[=L p=L QO QO lQDWt R=}v l} '|vD@ <=[a= |R=Uy@ w Q}taD xRwQt= [1] "OwW|t xO=iDU= uQOt '|vD@ |xa]k l} |R=Uy@ w s}tQD |= Q@ xm |t=ovy "CU=yCN=UQ}R |Q=Oyov C=}rta s=ovy QO xmu}= =} w OwW u} Ro}=H O}OH uD@ l} =@ |t}Ok uD@ R= |DtUk uD@ uDN} Q u=tR QO xm |wLv x@ 'ODi=}@ j=iD= |yHwD p@=k |v=tR |xikw '|R}QuD@ R} Q=w K]U 'xR=D uD@ w |t}Ok uD@ u}@ Kw]U QO 'OW=@ xOW CNU |t}Ok uD@ 'xR=D |=y?=k |= QH= pw=ODt |xw}W QO u}vJty "OwW|t O=H}= OQU p=YD= u=ty =} "OvwW|t Qy=_ R} Q=w Kw]U 'xOwr=W w hkU 'hm x@ uwDU p=YD= pLt QO 'KrUtuD@ sDU}U l} QO u; hQ] wO Kr=Yt R= QDh}a[ , =D@Uv R} Q=w K]U Ctw=kt , qwtat K]U Q=DiQ x@ xDU@=w COW x@ xOW Q}taD sDU}U l} OQmrta "CU= xOW Q}taD 'R}Q=w K]U QO VvD K]U`} QU C= Q}}eD w VvD RmQtD p}rO x@ [2] "CU= R} Q=w [3] "OQ=O OwHw xOW Q}taD sDU}U QO R} Q=w K]U O=ODt= QO |}q=@ CUmW Q]N xv=OnvU T} QD=t 'uD@ CUmW l}v=mt C=}YwYN |xv}tR QO |O=}R C=ar=]t |=yQ=m \ki 'p=L u}= =@ "CU= xOW s=Hv= Kr=Yt Q}=U w uD@ u}@ K]U 'u=t}U-xOW s=Hv= O}OH w s}Ok uD@ u}@ K]U Q=DiQ |xar=]t |= Q@ |tm |y=oW}=tR; QoWywSB |O=OaD \UwD O}OH w s}Ok uD@ K]U u}@ 1 Ovw}B C=}YwYN [4] "CU= |OOa |R=Ux}@W |xw}W l} [3] '2001 u= Q=mty w s}r [75] "CU= xOW xar=]t

1398 u=DU@=D 'h}QW u= Qta |UOvyt 5039 "X '2/2 |xQ=tW '35 2 |xQwO Original Article =@ |QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W |=y?=k |@=}xv}y@ VwQ w =[a= |oO}vDV}B |xO}= R= xO=iDU= xQw_vtOvJ |wHwCUH u} wv Q=}Wv=O |Q=HCqm =[QO}Lw Q=}O=DU= QwB?r=] u}ULOtLt u=et=O x=oWv=O '|UOvyt w |vi |xOmWv=O OWQ= T=vWQ |QmUa p[ir=w@= |xUOvy w`]kt K]U |xv}y@ |L=Q] Ov}=Qi |Ov@pwtQi |x= Q= x@ =OD@= 'Q[=L Q=DWwv QO |@=}xv}y@ Ov}=Qi Qw_vt u}O@ "CU= xOW xDN=OQB |QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W |=y?=k <=[a= =@ =D CU= xOW |aU TBU "CU= xOW s=Hv= xQw_vtOvJ |wHwCUH u} wv VwQ T=U= Q@ |=y?=k |L=Q] Ov}=Qi 'xv}y@ |Q=Okt =@ xR=U <=[a= |oO}vDV}B |O=yvW}B |xO}= |x= Q= 'Qw_vt u}= |= Q@ "OwW pY=L QDl@U |LQ] ?}DQDu}O@ w O@=} Ow@y@ |QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W p=ta= 'pw= Cr=L %CU= xOW x=Q= Cr=L 3 QO |@=}xv}y@ Ov}=Qi |] QO |O=yvW}B |xO}= &uwDU |q=@ QO |oO}vDV}B |wQ}v p=ta= 'swO Cr=L &=yuwDU u}}=B QO |oO}vDV}B |wQ}v xm CU= Qm P x@ sRq "uwDU u}}=B w q=@ QO |oO}vDV}B |wQ}v uOQm Qw_vt 'swU Cr=L w "CU= xOW Qw_vt |L=Q] |=yQ}eDt u=wvax@ |@=}xv}y@ OvwQ QO |oO}vDV}B |wQ}v Q=Okt QO ?U=vt |wQ}v u= R}t '|O=yvW}B |=yCr=L <= R= x@ |@=}xv}y@ Ov}=Qi u=}=B QO ?}DQD u}O@ |xO}= |@=} RQ= |= Q@ "OwW|t XNWt |QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W |=y?=k |xv}y@ |L=Q] CUOx@ G}=Dv "CU= xOW xO=iDU= hrDNt |=yxv=yO w xUOvy =@ |}=yp=Ft R= |O=yvW}B "CU= swU Cr=L XwYN x@ |O=yvW}B |xO}= T=U= Q@ xv}y@ KQ] Ow@y@ Qov=}@ xOt; |wHwCUH VwQ '|QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W |=y?=k '|@=}xv}y@ %|O}rm u=oS=w "|oO}vDV}B 'xQw_vtOvJ xtOkt "1 Q=O?}W |=y?=k |xv}y@ |L=Q] |ovwoJ w xw}W |x= Q= x@ '=yxR=U |@=}xv}y@ p=U QO |WywSB x@ u=wD|t QwmPt C=ar=]t u=t=oW}B R= "Ov=xDN=OQB |QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W |=y?=k R= |NQ@ QO |ov}y@ Q=}at |=yVwQ u; QO xm OQm xQ=W= 1984 |L=Q] Ov}=Qi '1987 p=U QO TBU [1] "CU= xOW |UQQ@ X=N |=y|oS}w =@ u; R= Oa@ [2] "OW |UQQ@ |Q}tN |L=Q] OvwQ T=U= Q@ |QwWvtQ}e |=y?=k |xv}y@ |@=} RQ= |Oqwi |]NQ}e |Q}tNu=UWm |=y?=k |xv}y@ |L=Q] '1992 p=U QO |=yDv= w =OD@=`]kt Kw]U 'w[a Qy |= Q@ |L=Q] |=yQ}eDt Ov}=Qi u; QO xm OW '1997 p=U QO |WywSB QO u}vJty [3] "Ow@ xOW^=Lr =yu; C@Uv w =[a= |QwWvtQ}e |=y?=k |xv}y@ |L=Q] |xw}W l} w OW p}tmD u}W}B C=ar=]t QO w OW x=Q= =m} Qt; |xt=vu}}; LRFD VwQ Q@ |vD@t OC sD} Qwor= T=U= Q@ ?}mQD Q@=Q@ QO Ctw=kt O}k \ki w Qw_vt |Q=}U@ |xOvwWxO=U C=}[Qi Ov}=Qi u; [4] "OW^=Lr |QwLt w |WtN |=ywQ}v T=U= Q@ |QwWvtQ}eQ=O?}W|=y?=k|xv}y@|L= Q] Ov}=Qi R}v '2002p=UQO |= Q@ xm OvDUy CavY QO OQ@Q=mQB w syt |=yxR=U xrtH R= Q=O?}W |=y?=k '|RQw=Wm|=yQ=@v='|DavYC=Hv=NQ=muwJty'|oQR@|=yxv=yOVWwBw=v@E=OL= xQ=wty '=DU= Q u}= QO "OvwW|t xO=iDU= """ w |WRQw |=yur=U '=t}B=wy |xv=}W; u}O@ "CU= xOw@ u=L= Q] w u=UOvyt h=Oy= R= QwmPt |=yxR=U |xv}y@ |L=Q] |xv}y@ |L=Q] QO QFwt w syt |t=o 'Q}eDt |UQv}= u=tt =@ |}=[a= R= xO=iDU= Qw_vt <=[a= T=U= Q@ pw=ODt Qw]x@ |L=Q] Ov}=Qi QO syt u}= "CU= Q=O?}W |=y?=k pY=L w[a Qy |= Q@ u=H Q}eDt Ct=N[ w`=iDQ= w p=@ QO C@=F O=a@= =@ pmW I u=H Ct=N[ w`=iDQ= 'p=@ O=a@= Q=Okt u} QD?U=vt ?=NDv= xQ=wty =t= "OwW|t xrtH R= '|QwWvtQ}e Q=O?}W |=y?=k |L=Q] Ov}=Qi QO QFwt |=yQ}eDt Qo}O w sra u= QoWywSB R= |NQ@ ?@U u}ty x@ "CU= xOw@ K= Q] u=UOvyt |=yxeOeO pwUt xOvU}wv "1396 6 14 VQ}PB '1396 5 24 x}LqY= '1396 2 10 Ci=} QO %M}Q=D