Abbreviations ACEI Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor AKI Acute kidney injury ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure CCB Calcium channel blocker CKD Chronic kidney disease CVD Cardiovascular disease eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate ESKD End-stage kidney disease MRB Mineralocorticoid receptor blocker QOL Quality of life RAS Renin angiotensin system Levels of evidence A High: We are confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. B Moderate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. C Low: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. D Very low: The estimate of the effect is very uncertain and might often be far from the true effect. None Grade of recommendation 1 "We recommend" 2 "We suggest" None Chapter 1. Diagnosis and definition of chronic kidney disease CQ1-1: How can we diagnose CKD? Statement: CKD is defined as the presence of either of the conditions listed below lasting for more than 3 months. (Level: None, Grade: 1) (1) Findings suggesting kidney damage, i.e., abnormal findings in blood or urinary tests, imaging studies or pathological evaluations. In particular, evidence of proteinuria ≥ 0.15 g/gCr (albuminuria ≥ 30 mg/gCr) is important. (2) GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 In clinical practice, eGFR is calculated by the following GFR equation adjusted for the Japanese: eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m 2) = 194 x Cr-1.094 x Age-0.287 (x 0.739 if female) Note: We recommend that serum creatinine (Cr) value (mg/dL) should be evaluated by the enzymatic assay method and rounded off to 2 decimal places. The Japanese GFR equation is applicable to adults aged 18 years or older. CQ 1-2: How can we evaluate the severity of CKD? Statement: We recommend that CKD severity should be evaluated by cause, GFR category, and degree of proteinuria/ Japanese Society of Nephrology published Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for CKD 2018 (in Japanese) in the Journal of Japanese Society of Nephrology (in press). This is the English digest version of the above guidelines.