Aerodynamic performance of scramjet engines was measured by using 0.44-m-long models in a M6.7 wind tunnel. Drags and wall pressure distributions were measured to evaluate the total pressure and friction drag in the engine internal flow. The internal drag of the models with various struts was dicussed. The internal and the external drags, the pressure and the friction drags were estimated. Consistency between the force balance measurements and the pressure measurements was examined. The internal drag obtained from the force balance agreed with that based on the wall pressure measurements.

This study takes Chinese Summer Palace and Korean Changdeokgung Palace garden as study sites, interpreting Horizontal tablets' meaning along with architects, aims to compare the characteristic of spaces in the two imperial palaces. The findings are: many horizontal tablets in Chinese Summer Palace have relationship with landscape characteristic, such as: surrounding nature, natural phenomena, overlooking and so forth. Meanwhile, through expressing landscape impressions in literature way, giving meanings to horizontal tablets, to deepen its space characteristic. However, Horizontal tablets in Changdeokgung Palace garden show a strong concept of Confucianism, which is considered as the basic ideology of that era. Confucianism emphasizes human physical-spirit connection, including morality, endurance, studies and so forth, this concept is also reflected in architects' function and palace elements. In a word, the horizontal tablet in Chinese and Korean Imperial Palace, not only connecting architect and garden space physically, but also reflecting cogitation and culture at that time, thus it is a significant element to expand our understanding to imperial palaces.