The urban thermal environment has become the subject of considerable attention in the field of researchinto the eco鄄environmental effects of cities. Research into the laws governing the evolution of the urban thermal environment could contribute to the mitigation of the negative effects of the urban heat island (UHI) and promote the sustainable development of cities. This paper analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of the urban thermal landscape in Changsha, China. Four Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus thermal images of the urban center of Changsha, taken in the same month in 2004 and 2010, were used to retrieve the brightness temperature, which was then classified into five temperature regions: low, sub鄄 middle, middle, sub鄄high, and high. The landscape types of the urban center of Changsha in both 2004 and 2010 were classified based on land use data. Landscape metrics were used to quantify the spatiotemporal changes of the urban thermal landscape and the underlying surface pattern. By combining moving window and gradient analyses, the spatial changes of the urban thermal landscape pattern in Changsha from 2004 to 2010 were established and the evolution of the thermal landscape was analyzed from 16 directions. Zonal statistics were applied to investigate the changes of various urban landscape patterns under different thermal landscape ranks, which clarified the relationship between the spatial pattern and composition of the urban landscape and the spatial variation of surface temperature on a landscape scale. Based on this work, a number of conclusions were drawn. 1) Following the rapid urbanization of Changsha, the districts of the UHI expanded and became

As one of the most widespread forest types, China忆s plantation plays an important role in global carbon balance. It is crucial to reduce the uncertainties in the estimation of carbon and water fluxes of plantation ecosystems, and model鄄data fusion technique provides an effective way. The purpose of this research is to improve the modeling accuracy of SIPNET model, the simplified Photosynthesis and Evapo鄄Transpiration(ET) model through two experiments, namely NEE alone and NEE & ET multi鄄constraints. The model鄄data fusion method used here is a combination of Metropolis鄄Hastings algorithm and Simulated Annealing algorithm. Based on eddy fluxes and meteorological observation data of Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation during 2004-2009 in ChinaFLUX (Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Flux Research Network) , we estimated the key parameters of SIPNET model and simulated the corresponding carbon and water fluxes. Comparisons

作者. An analysis of carbon flux partition differences of a mid鄄subtropical planted coniferous forest in southeastern China.

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