In this paper, the evolution of the cavitation bubbles is researched. A model is developed to describe the cyclic chain-like cavitation cloud and analyze its structure stability in a thin liquid layer. By considering the effect of secondary acoustic radiation of bubbles, the dynamic equations of the bubbles in three zones of the cyclic chain are obtained. The secondary Bjerknes force is selected to explore the interaction between the bubbles in different regions. Numerical results showed that the newborn bubbles inside the pure liquid zone of the thin layer could be attracted by the bubbles at the cyclic chain-like bubble chain. The bubble number density could affect the coupling strength between bubbles, and it is closely related to the driving pressure. Therefore, the structure stability of cyclic chain-like cavitation cloud could be disrupted by the perturbations of the acoustic pressure. To verify our analysis, we observed the structure of cavitation cloud in a thin liquid layer in a strong acoustic field by using high speed camera. It is observed that the simultaneous collapse of local bubbles occurs, and pure liquid-like thin layers are distributed in the bubble cloud randomly. The boundary of the pure liquid-like thin layers is oscillated with the acoustic field, and the life of these liquid zones is about 4 acoustic cycles. The experiments results agree well with theoretical ones.