<p>Previous studies have reported that sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension and hyperuricemia. However, the results are contradictory. We investigated whether sleep duration was independently associated with hypertension and hyperuricemia. We aimed to assess the association between sleep duration, hypertension, and hyperuricemia in a population-based cross-sectional study. MJ Health Examination Center Database was used to obtain a large, representative sample of Taiwan population. This study revealed that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia and hypertension. Patients who sleep &le; 4 hours have a higher risk of hypertension than those who sleep 7 hours (Male: AOR = 1.131, 95% CI = 1.073-1.192; Female: AOR = 1.257, 95% CI = 1.190 -1.327). The risk of hyperuricemia in patients who sleep &le; 4 hours is higher than those who sleep 7 hours (Male: AOR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.213-5.768; Female: AOR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.050-3.660). Besides, the risk of hyperuricemia in females who slept for more than 8 hours was 1.019 times that of those who slept for 7 hours. Participants aged < 50 years who sleep less than 4 hours a day have a higher risk of hypertension and hyperuricemia than those of the ages of 50-75 and >75 years. There were excellent response rates to sleep duration associated with hypertension and hyperuricemia questions and measurements representative sample of Taiwan population.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>