HA 的动物模型有助于阐明 HE 的发病机制和寻 找合适的治疗措施 [16]. HA 的模型动物主要有大鼠 (Rattus norvegicus)和小鼠(Mus musculus), 它们主要 用于研究 HA 对脑功能的直接影响. 其中, 一种花费 低、操作容易且能够很好模拟 HA 神经精神症状的动 物模型是腹腔注射(intraperitoneal injection, i.p.)醋酸 铵造成的 HA 大鼠 [17~19]. 治疗 HE 的常规临床疗法主要以降低血氨为目的, 包括服用抗生素和非吸收类的糖类如乳果糖 [20,21] .
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