Recent developments in instrumentation for in situ trace element analysis of peridotite minerals give us valuable data set of petrological and geochemical insights of the upper mantle. Here, we summarize petrographical, petrological and geochemical characteristics of mantle xenoliths from the Northeastern and Southwestern Japan arcs. They have clear correlations between microtexture and mineral compositions in terms of both major and trace elements. That suggests that influx assisted melt extraction occurs simultaneously with deformation/recrystalization in the upper mantle. Their characteristics of trace elements in clinopyroxene are distinguished from those of abyssal peridotite and peridotite xenoliths from continental regions. The geochemistry of Japan arcs clinopyroxenes have characteristics of arc type mantle source; i.e., low light rare earth element (LREE) and high field strength element (HFSE; Ti, Zr and so on), rather high heavy rare earth (HREE) relative to LREE elements and Sr concentrations. They also have a rather constant Ti/Zr ratio, variable REE patterns, and relatively low LREE/HREE ratios. The simple melt extraction model can not explain these characteristics. These features are due to metasomatism, which is different from carbonatite metasomatism.

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