This study examined the effects of ego-resilience, critical thinking disposition, and self leadership on the career decision-making self-efficacy among nursing students. Undergraduate nursing students (N=341) were sampled randomly from nursing departments in two cities. Data collection was conducted from May 11 to June 5, 2015. The participants completed a questionnaire assessing the ego-resilience, critical thinking disposition, self leadership, and career decision-making self-efficacy. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVAs, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression. Career decision-making self-efficacy was varied by application motivation, satisfaction with one's major, personality traits, and interpersonal relationship; Self leadership was the most influential factor predicting the career decision-making self-efficacy, followed by critical thinking disposition, and satisfaction with one's major and personality traits. Therefore, these results highlight the need to devise an appropriate program to improve self-leadership and critical thinking, which will contribute to the career-related behaviors of nursing students.

This study was designed to evaluate the usability of the following citrus peel extracts (CPEs): Citrus sinensis (orange), C. unshiu (mandarin orange), C. limon (lemon), and C. paradise (grapefruit) as natural antibrowning agents. Overall, 0.1% of the CPEs were effective in reducing the browning of apple slices. The appearance of apple slices dipped in C. limon peel extracts (LPE) were found to be excellent and their Hunter L and ∆E values were similar to the values obtained when apple slices were dipped in ascorbic acid. The pH values of the different CPEs were not significantly different from each other, but were higher than that of ascorbic acid. LPE was found to possess the highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and copper (Cu 2+) chelating activity. All these results suggest that citrus peel extracts, especially lemon peel extract, can be used as natural antibrowning agents.

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts from different parts (root, stem, and leaf) of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Ethanol extracts from the three parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai were assessed for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, myoglobin protective ratio, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Root part showed the highest total phenolic content (2.468±0.017 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent/g) and total flavonoid content (2.071±0.002 mg quercetin equivalent/g). Leaf part showed the strongest radical scavenging activities (DPPH radical; 80%, myoglobin protective ratio; 90% and FRAP; 98.7% at 20 mg/mL). Root part showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging at 1 mg/mL. Therefore, the results of the antioxidant activity test were correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content values. Thus, Epimedium koreanum Nakai has great potential as a natural source for human health.Key words: Epimedium koreanum Nakai, antioxidant, phenol, radical scavenging activity, myoglobin protective

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