In recent years, the principal's ability in managing the school is regarded the critical factor for enhancing the quality of education of each school. This study examine the principal's job competencies and the difference in the order of priority of those job competencies between groups (elementary vs secondary). For this purpose, this study used literature review, nominal group technique, the Locus Focus Model, Borich priority formula. Through the literature review and nominal group technique, 25 job competencies were found for the school principals. The participants confirmed the statistically significant difference between current level and future needed level for those all 25 job competencies. Also, the differences were confirmed between elementary and secondary principals in perceiving the priority of job competencies. Some implications for researchers and practitioners, as well as limitations, are presented.
Purpose: Despite improved quality of intensive care, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) significantly contributes to mortality in critically ill children. As pre-existing definitions of ARDS were adult-oriented standards, the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) group released a new definition of pediatric ARDS. In this study, we aimed to assess the performance of PALICC definition for ARDS risk stratification. Methods: Total 332 patients who admitted to the intensive care unit at Severance Hospital from January 2009 to December 2016 and diagnosed as having ARDS by either the PALICC definition or the Berlin definition were retrospectively analyzed. Patient characteristics and mortality rates were compared between the individual severity groups according to both definitions. Results: The overall mortality rate was 36.1%. The mortality rate increased across the severity classes according to both definitions (26% in mild, 37% in moderate and 68% in severe by the PALICC definition [P< 0.001]; 20% in mild, 32% in moderate and 64% in severe by the Berlin definition [P< 0.001]). The mortality risk increased only for severe ARDS in both definitions (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.279 [1.414-3.672], P = 0.001 by the PALICC definition; 2. 674 [1.518-4.712], P = 0.001 by the Berlin definition). There was no significant difference in mortality discrimination between the 2 definitions (difference in integrated area under the curve: 0.017 [-0.018 to 0.049]).
Conclusion:The PALICC definition demonstrated similar discrimination power on PARDS' severity and mortality as the Berlin definition.
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