Considerable efforts have been made to prevent and manage hypertension and diabetes, but the prevalence of these diseases has not changed significantly over the past 10 years. Hypertension and diabetes are chronic conditions requiring continuous treatment and management. Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels can prevent life-threatening complications and a deterioration in the quality of life. Community-centered primary health care is characterized by inclusiveness and continuous contact. Well-established primary health care services can reduce the number of unnecessary emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and medical tests, and therefore minimize unnecessary medical expenses. However, the number of patients treated for mild chronic diseases at large hospitals has increased, with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of outpatient clinic visits (41.6% in 2007 vs. 37.8% in 2016). Thus, there is a clear need to strengthen primary health care, including for the treatment of chronic diseases. To establish a chronic diseases management system based on local clinics, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea launched a pilot chronic diseases management program aimed at increasing patient acceptance of local primary health care. The program was implemented in 2014, 2016, and 2019. This review examines the short-term impact of the pilot program with respect to the prevention and management of hypertension and diabetes.

To quantitatively evaluate the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in the leaves, bulbs, and roots of fresh Allium hookeri, they were extracted using various solvents including water, aqueous methanol (20, 40, 60, and 80%; v/v), and absolute methanol. The leaves had the highest levels of total phenolics (240.4-276.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) and total flavonoids (9.7-34.1 mg catechin equivalents/100 g). The highest antioxidant capacities of 78.7-103.4 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/100 g, 24.4-59.0 mg VCE/100 g, and 1,798.8-2,169.7 mg VCE/100 g in the leaves were also observed using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, respectively. The total phenolics had a higher linear correlation with antioxidant capacity than the total flavonoids. In general, 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol extract had higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, and higher antioxidant capacity than any other solvents used. This study suggested that A. hookeri might be a good source of phenolics and antioxidants.

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