Sixty-seven Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater from the Wando area, on the southern coast of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials and the presence of virulence genes. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to ampicillin and oxacillin, while decreasing percentages were resistant to vancomycin (64.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), amikacin (31.3%), kanamycin (22.3%), cephalothin (20.9%), erythromycin (10.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), and tetracycline (3.0%). All of the strains were susceptible to five antimicrobials: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. Fifty-nine isolates (88.1%) were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial and defined as multidrug resistant, and two strains were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 67 V. parahaemolyticus isolates to ampicillin and oxacillin ranged from 512−2,048 and 64−512 µg/mL, respectively. All 67 isolates were also examined for the presence of the tdh and trh virulence genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no isolates possessed either tdh or trh. The VPA0477 (β-lactamase) gene, present in all of the tested strains, was validated as a new specific marker gene in PCR assays for the accurate detection and identification of V. parahaemolyticus.

In this paper, the aging of Farm Village in the automatic control system for Vinylhouse with Zigbee short-range wireless interface, the environment, crops grown according to DB, and Vinylhouse controlled environment to identify abnormalities by monitoring the Vinylhouse, regardless of the number of from one server to multiple clients while controlling two-way monitoring system is to perform. Therefore, router, end with a random ID to determine the status of certain Vinylhouse and Vinylhouse, allowing for independent control of Vinylhouse, certain characteristics of a live user wants to control was designed to allow real-time.

We applied a combination of most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) methods using a PCR procedure targeting the H-NS (VP1133) gene to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus presence and density in seawater as well as within short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum tissues collected from Gomso Bay, Korea. In 30 seawater samples, V. parahaemolyticus levels ranged from less than 1.8 to 1.1×10³ MPN/100 mL, and samples from August showed higher than those from other months. Furthermore, the levels of V. parahaemolyticus in six short-necked clam samples ranged from 7.8×10² to 2.1×10³ MPN/100 g, approximately 2.5 times higher than in seawater samples from the corresponding month. Our results provide data on V. parahaemolyticus contamination in seawater and shortnecked clam tissues, and help to improve quantitative methods of assessing V. parahaemolytcius levels.