Purpose: Various studies have investigated factors related to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR). We studied the correlation between the outbreaks of AR and airborne pollen in September. Methods: According to data from the National Health Insurance Service, the number of AR cases was increased from 2012 to 2016. During the same period, the number of patients with upper respiratory tract infection, respiratory virus detection rate, air pollutants, and concentration of airborne pollen were correlated with the occurrence of AR in correlation analysis. Results: The number of patients with AR showed increasing biphasic patters in the spring and fall with the peak reached in September (278,487± 12,894), while April marked the fifth-highest figure with 241,570± 132,677. The concentration of airborne pollen was highest at 4,450 grains/m 3 in May, followed by 3,597 grains/m 3 in April, marking its peak in the spring. September marked the thirdhighest level at 1,619 grains/m 3. According to the monthly correlation between the number of patients with AR and pollen, Seoul and Daejeon showed correlations of ρ= 0.929 (P= 0.022) and ρ= 0.955 (P= 0.011), respectively, in September. There were no significant correlations among AR, air pollutants, and respiratory virus detection rate. Conclusion: Based on this study, the monthly number of patients with AR was the highest in September. In September, we found the correlation between allergic rhinitis and pollen, although there are regional limitations, regarding outbreaks in the number of patients with AR. Further research and attention are needed to prepare measures against airborne weed pollen during the fall.

Daily low-dose inhaled corticosteroid in preschool children with asthma is recommended to prevent the development of asthma symptom and sign based on many asthma management guidelines. But the retarded growth after long-term steroid inhalation has been concerned. Recently the method of intermittent high-dose (suspension, 1,000 μg, 2 times a day for 7 days) budesonide inhalation when the initial phase to develop the asthma exacerbation was studied to compare the efficacy and safety with daily low-dose budesonide (500 μg) inhalation regimen in preschool children positive with modified asthma predictive index in recurrent wheezer during the study period with 52 weeks. There were no significant difference between two regimen with respect to the frequency of exacerbations, the time to the first exacerbation and to the second exacerbation, and the frequency of treatment failure. The total exposure to budesonide over the period was less in the intermittent high-dose regimen than in the daily low-dose regimen. There were no significant difference in change in height. But the change in height from baseline in intermittent high-dose regimen group was 8.01 cm and in daily low-dose was 7.76 cm. We need the more clinical studies in preschool children with persistent moderate and severe asthma and in various country and nations. It is suggested the intermittent high-dose budesonide inhalation regimen in preschool children with freqeunt wheezing may be a very good alternative to control the allergic inflammation and symptoms of asthma without concerning the adverse effect of steroid.