This study analyzed changes in the texture and salt content of Chinese cabbage after salting using different methods to determine the effects of low salt brining. To verify the possibility of brining under low salt concentration, Chinese cabbage was salted with 1%, 2%, 6%, and 10% salt solutions by pressing, pressure reduction, or steaming. After salting, the firmness (g, determined using the puncture test) of the Chinese cabbage changed according to the brining methods used, however, an increasing trend in rigidity was observed as the salinity increased. Because the power applied during pressing or pressure reduction treatments is higher, the firmness of and penetration time on the surface of the brined Chinese cabbages after these treatments increased more in the 6% salt solution cabbage. Additionally, the Chinese cabbages treated with steam showed significantly higher firmness and penetration time than those treated by pressing and pressure reduction. As a result of pressing the 6% salt concentrated cabbage with 1.35 kg·f/cm 2 , a pressure reduction from 250 mmHg, and steaming at 100 o C for 1 min, the cabbage had roughly 2% of the salt concentration, ultimately. These physical treatments of pressing, pressure reduction, and steaming could be used as new methods for preparing salted Chinese cabbage with low salt concentrations for general use.

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Foreign language learners want to remember newly learned vocabularies for as long as possible. As demand for learning English as a second language grows, effective ways of memorizing English vocabularies also attract much interest so that various methods and apparatus are developed in order to support effective memorization. In this research, we introduce a new way of memorizing English vocabularies and evaluate the performance compared to an existing qualified method. Our study result shows that learners who memorize English words using our suggested method maintained a higher retention rate than those who studied using the existing method. From this research, we expect to gain new insights of effective way in learning English vocabularies.

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