A fungal isolate DUCC5000 from a garden plant Pachysandra terminalis was identified as Paraconiothyrium brasiliense based on the results of morphological and molecular studies. The fungus formed brown to black conidiomata of (0.2-0.7)-2(-3.5) mm singly or as a group on PDA. Conidia measured 2-5×1.8-3 µm in size, hyaline, ellipsoid to short-cylindrical, and rounded at both ends. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA of the isolate shared 100% nucleotide sequence homology with those of known P. brasiliense isolates. Phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequence analysis showed that the DUCC5000 isolate formed a clade with known isolates of P. brasiliense. The fungal mycelia grew better on oatmeal agar than on MEA and PDA. On PDA media under various pH conditions, fungal mycelial growth was observed at pH 9. Colony morphology of the fungus tended to alter depending on the kinds of nutrient media and pH condition. On chromagenic media, the fungus demonstrated its ability to produce extracellular enzymes including amyalse, avicelase, β-glucosidase, protease, and xylanase. However, in pathogenicity testing, no disease symptoms were observed on the leaves of P. terminalis. This strain is the first report on P. terminalis in Korea.

Vanadium dioxide (VO 2) is an attractive material for smart window applications where the transmittance of light can be automatically modulated from a transparent state to an opaque state at the critical temperature of ~68 o C. Meanwhile, F : SnO 2 (F-doped SnO 2 , FTO) glass is a transparent conductive oxide material that is widely used in solar-energy-related applications because of its excellent optical and electrical properties. Relatively high transmittance and low emissivity have been obtained for FTO-coated glasses. Tunable transmittance corresponding to ambient temperature and low emissivity can be expected from VO 2 films deposited onto FTO glasses. In this study, FTO glasses were applied for the deposition of VO 2 thin films by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. VO 2 thin films were also deposited on a Pyrex substrate for comparison. To decrease the phase transition temperature of VO 2 , tungsten-doped VO 2 films were also deposited onto FTO glasses. The visible transmittance of VO 2 /FTO was higher than that of VO 2 /pyrex due to the increased crystallinity of the VO 2 thin film deposited on FTO and decreased interface reflection. Although the solar transmittance modulation of VO 2 /FTO was lower than that of VO 2 /pyrex, room temperature solar transmittance of VO 2 /FTO was lower than that of VO 2 /pyrex, which is advantageous for reflecting solar heat energy in summer.