The purpose of this study is to acquire teaching insights for improving scientific literacy by analyzing the effects of scientific communication skills, science process skills, and logical thinking skills of elementary school students on academic achievement level. The participants are 64, sixth grade elementary school students. Survey materials include the results of Scientific Communication Skill Test (SCST), Test of Science Process Skills (TSPS), Group Assessment of Logical Thinking (GALT), multiple choice test & short answer test, descriptive answer test on science, and academic achievement level test on all subjects. Based on these data, the study analyzed the relationships of science process skills, logical thinking skills, and scientific communication skills, and each category's effect on academic achievement level. Furthermore, under the assumption that scientific communication skills are affected by science process skills and logical thinking skills and directly influence the academic level, the research discovered three types of correlations as a structural model. The results show that there are considerable correlations in scientific communication skills, science process skills, and logical thinking skills. Also, these three abilities have meaningful correlations with learner's writing and descriptive question level on science curriculum and overall academic achievement level; the level of correlation differ a bit by subcategory factors. In conclusion, setting the model, science process skills and logical thinking skills influence scientific communication skill, and the skill directly influences the learner's academic level. Further analysis of the results show that scientific communication skill influences the academic achievement level of all subjects the most.

Many men over the age of 40 suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) for a variety of reasons. In addition, more than 40% of ED patients have hypertensive disease at the same time. Tadalafil (TD) is a selective and reversible inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (cGMP-specific PDE-5). It is an insoluble drug with biopharmaceutics classification system class-II and was prepared by wet granulation with a solubilizing agent. Amlodipine besylate (AM) is a calcium channel antagonist that is effective in preventing systolic hypertension and stroke, and is manufactured using physical mix method. We used TD and AM to fabricate a double-layer complex tablet that can prevent or treat two diseases at the same time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were analyzed for confirming chemical and physical characterization. Also, in vitro dissolution test was conducted to evaluate the dissolution rate of tablet at pH=1.2. In conclusion, the rapid release of two drugs in the double layer tablet was confirmed and could be applied as a pharmaceutical therapeutic agent.

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It is important for identification of noise and vibration problem of tire to consider influence of interaction between road and tire. A quantification of road noise is a challenging issue in vehicle NVH due to extremely complicated transfer paths of road noise as well as the difficulty in an experimental identification of input force from tire-road interaction. A noise caused by tire is divided into road noise(structure-borne noise) and pattern noise(air-borne noise). Pattern noise is caused by pattern shape of tire, which has larger than 500 Hz, but road noise is generated by the interactions between a tire and a vehicle body. In this paper, we define the quantitative analysis for road noise caused by interactions between tire and road parameters. For the identification of road noise, the chassis dynamometer that is equipped 10 mm×10 mm square cleat in the semi-anechoic chamber is used, and the tire spindle forces are measured by load cell. The vibro-acoustic transfer function between ear position and wheel center was measured by the vibro-acoustic reciprocity method. In this study three tires with different type of mechanical are used for the experiment work.

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