The exploration areas for maritime resources such as oil and natural gas have gradually moved to deep sea areas. It has become difficult to use existing fixed marine structures

In this paper, global and regional market trends for welding consumables were summarized using market analysis reports from 2005 to 2017. In the analysis, welding consumables were classified as rods, solid wire, flux cored wire, and submerged arc welding consumables and others. The global welding material market is on an increasing trend, and the markets of other countries are growing faster than those of the five conventional major countries (China, EU, USA, Japan and Korea). Due to the growing automation of welding processes, the market for solid wire and flux core wire markets is increasing and the market for welding electrodes is stagnating or declining. Sales in each country and types of welding consumable were influenced by major application industries such as shipbuilding/heavy industry and automobile industry.

The first edition of the "Standard Manual for the Prevention, Monitoring, and Investigation of Vulnerable Facilities" related to COVID-19 response was introduced and promulgated on May 19, 2022. The second edition (dated July 18, 2022) was revised, and a meeting was held between local governments and quarantine authorities to prepare a response system. From May 26 to June 30, 2022, the 1st Local Government Infection Vulnerability Facility Response Status Review Meeting was held six times, and the second meeting was held 10 times from July 28 to September 29, 2022. The organizations were established in June 2022, and as of September 2022, a total of 608 teams and 2,712 people of the city, county, and district public health center joint response team. A total of 57 teams and 266 individuals of the city and province dedicated response support team, and a total of 27 teams and 78 individuals of the city and province infection prevention and control support organization are being operated. To prevent and respond to infectious diseases, inspections in advance, prevention education, on-site response to group outbreaks, and the operation of task force teams are being conducted. The communication system between public health centers and facilities, provision of information sharing system, investigation of confirmed cases, and classification of facilities vulnerable to infection related to monitoring of cluster outbreaks were subdivided into eight types. Measures taken by infectious disease response organizations established by local governments can be expanded not only to COVID-19 response but also to responses to other infectious diseases.

Building regulations in recent times require that fire dampers be automatically closed when detecting smoke or flame in the event of a fire. However, they may be vulnerable to fire themselves because they contain combustibles, such as motors. Therefore, the optimal installation locations of fire dampers for securing fire safety performance were selected through performance verifications in this study. Thus, it was found that fire dampers installed in contact with the fire compartment wall surfaces would be advantageous for securing the required fire safety performance.

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