The purpose of this study was to identify the current status and needs in neonatal emergency training for nursing students in Korea and to obtain preliminary information to develop a simulation based educational program on neonatal emergency care for nursing students. Methods: Structured questionnaires were distributed to five hospitals and ten nursing schools during April and May, 2012. Data were collected from 59 nurses who worked in the nursery or Neonatal Intensive Care Units and 13 nursing educators who had specialized in pediatric nursing. Results: Most nurses (86.4%) reported that they had experienced an emergency situation with newborns. Most nursing educators (84.6%) claimed that more intensive training with newborns is needed for nursing students. In particular, training in neonatal resuscitation (72.2%), respiratory distress (59.7%), and neonatal seizures (18.1%) were highly recommended as simulation based training for nursing students. Conclusion: A significant need for neonatal emergency educational programs was found. More efforts should be made to provide nursing students with knowledge and skills for working with neonates. The findings of this survey will ultimately provide a basis for developing a simulation based educational program on neonatal emergency care for nursing students.

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PURPOSE: This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention.METHODS: Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed.RESULTS: 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (+/-0.38). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' (3.19+/-0.93), 'bullies' (2.04+/-0.72), 'victims' (1.91+/-0.84), 'bystanders' (1.79+/-0.80), and 'bully-followers' (1.66+/-0.60). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying.CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.

The congestion of pedestrians impedes the utilization efficiency of a subway station. Conflicts among pedestrians due to unseparated pedestrian flows not only increase the impedance of pedestrian mobility but also negatively affect on pedestrian safety. This paper analyzes the travel characteristics of bi-directional pedestrian flow based on microscopic movements, and evaluates the operation efficiency on separating the traffic line. The subway station was simulated in a 2-D grid structure by applying Discrete Element Method, and the movement is organized in each cell of the grid. As a result, the model explicates that separating the traffic line and encouraging the 'Keep right rule' would be mostly effective for the conflicting flows. Therefore, applying the 'Walking Guidance System' would be efficient to improve the pedestrian convenience and mobility.

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