:Recently, a quick drop of air temperature in plastic film houses by adverse weather conditions leads to the occurrence of low temperature damages to growing crops. Chilling injury, defined as a variety of growth restriction occurring below the optimal temperature, is one of environmental factors strongly affecting crop growth and yield. Low temperature causes the restricted evapotranspiration, reduced mineral uptake (P > K > NO3 -), and an increase in electrolyte leakage such as K. Despite being different with plant species, an accumulation of soluble carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch under chilling condition is well known. A variety of environmental stresses are known to cause oxidative damage to plants either directly or indirectly by triggering an increased level of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, to combat the oxidative damage, plants have the antioxidant defense systems comprising of enzymes, SOD, POD, CAT, GPX and APX, and non-enzymes, ascorbate, gluthathione, α-tocopherol, phenolic compounds, carotenoid and flavonoids. The aim of this review is to provide basic information to build chilling-indicators and optimal nutrition management under adverse temperature conditions as broadly considering mineral uptake, carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidative defense system.

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Aconitum pesudo-laeve var erectum has been known to possess anti-inflammatory activity and modulate the intestinal immune system. In addition, it has traditionally been used for the treatment of water retention in the body. In this study, the anti-aging and anti-diabetes effects of water and ethanol extracts from Aconitum pesudo-laeve var. erectum were investigated. The activities of each extract were measured by antioxidant tests such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, antioxidant protection factor (PF), TBARs content, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity assay. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in over 50% of water and ethanol extracts at 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract was 99.8±0.1% at 1,000 μg/ml in water, which was highest among the ethanol extract concentrations. PFs measured with β -carotene-linoleate model systems were in the order of ethanol (1.49 PF at 1,000 μg/ml) > ethanol (1.40 PF at 500 μg/ml) > water (1.33 PF at 1,000 μg/ml) > water (1.27 PF at 500 μg/ml). TBARs content in ethanol extracts (1,000 μg/ml) was 0.16±0.03 μM, which was lower than that of water extracts and other ethanol extract concentrations. The extracts also showed over 90% of α-amylase inhibition and over 60% of α-glucosidase inhibition ratio in water (1,000 μg/ml) and ethanol extracts (100∼ 1,000 μg/ml). These results suggest that Aconitum pesudo-laeve var. erectum extracts could be used as a cosmetic source and preventive agent for aging and diabetes.