This study purported to study the uses of information and communication technology (ICT) tools in their daily life among the undergraduate and graduate students majoring science and engineering. It also examined the purposes of the uses of the major ICT tools, the differences in their information technology uses between graduate and undergraduate students. The data were collected from 83 undergraduate and graduate students from four universities using content analysis of an observational logs and a survey questionnaire. The observational logs were collected using an instant message application available on a smart phone. Study results revealed desktop computers, laptop computers, and smart phones as the three most heavily used ICT tools among the participants and typical situations students use each of the three tools. There were also sharp distinctions between graduate and undergraduate students in their selection of the tools, and distinctions between work and non-work situations. The findings of this study can be used to redesign information services and systems for the scientists and engineers in the next generation.

The purpose of this study is to present suggestions for Korean libraries for disabled person after collecting and analyzing qualitative data upon library policies of national libraries, public libraries and libraries for disabled person in European countries including Sweden, UK and France. Korean national library support center for the disabled should be independent in order to have consistent policy and ability for its execution. It should also support private libraries for the disabled in inheriting professionalism and accumulated history. Developing alternative material, integrated catalogue and professional service is required by cooperative and systematic arrangements among national and public libraries for disabled person including schools and university libraries. Also, it should be able to grow not only on the basis of internal cooperation among libraries but also with the help of external organizations like social and legal systems, organizations related with the disabled and regional self governing bodies.

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ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between amniotic fluid (AF) white blood cell (WBC) count and the presence and severity of infl ammatory lesions of the placenta in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 90 consecutive women with PPROM (24.0-35.6 weeks) who met the following criteria: singleton gestation; transabdominal amniocentesis performed to obtain AF for culture and WBC count; delivery within 72 hours of amniocentesis; placental histologic examination after preterm delivery. ResultsThe prevalence of histologic chorioamnionitis was 32% (29/90) and that of positive amniotic fluid culture was 21% (19/90). Patients with histologic chorioamnionitis had a signifi cantly higher AF WBC count than those without this lesion. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that AF WBC count had a significant relationship with histologic chorioamnionitis after controlling for gestational age and AF culture. The median AF WBC count increased signifi cantly according to the higher severity of infl ammation in each type of placental histologic section. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the best cut-off value of AF WBC count for predicting histological chorioamnionitis was 25 cells/mm 3 , with a sensitivity of 62% and a specifi city of 77%. ConclusionBoth the presence and greater severity of infl ammatory lesions of the placenta are associated with an elevated AF WBC count. AF WBC count is an important and independent predictor for infl ammatory lesions of the placenta in women with PPROM.