임난영 1) ․이인옥 2) ․이은남 3) ․이경숙 4) ․조경숙 5) ․이선자 6) 강현숙 7) ․김금순 8) ․김종임 9) ․박원숙 10) ․이윤경 11) ․전미영 12) 1) 한양대학교 간호학과 교수, 2) 대한근관절건강학회 교육센터장, 3) 동아대학교 간호학과 교수 4) 강릉원주대학교 원주캠퍼스 간호학과 교수, 5) 경원대학교 간호학과 교수, 6) 서울대학교 보건대학원 명예교수 7) 경희대학교 간호과학대학 교수, 8) 서울대학교 간호대학 교수, 9) 충남대학교 간호대학 교수 10) 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 관절.류마티스센타 교육실장, 11) 적십자간호대학 조교수, 12) 건국대학교 간호학과 교수

In recent years, there has been an intensive research on the application of degradative activities of fungi for treatment of various non-degradable materials such as petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes and so on. Chief of all, the fungal treatment technology is received the spotlight as one of the most promising alternatives to replace present methods for the treatment of dye wastewater. The present paper reviews the recent trend in research on the decolorization and biodegradation of dyes by various fungi, and improvements in bioreactors and bioprocesses involved the fungal treatment of dye wastewater. It also discusses alternatives and perspectives for the innovation of mycoremediation to treat dye wastewaters.

This study analyzed the type and item of collaboration, national form and purpose_of collaboration in both the domestic and foreign fashion industries in oder to study the trend of collaboration that has appeared in a the field of the recent fashion industry. The analysis focused on 221 collaboration cases from designers in the domestic and foreign fashion industries during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. The cases were collected and analyzed focusing on publications related to newspapers on fashion, internet articles on fashion information sites etc. According to the results of the study, the characteristics of collaboration shown in the recent fashion industry are as follows. First, it can be observed that a portion of collaboration in the two different industries was very high. Second, through the high portion of cases where collaboration between foreign companies was made, it could be found that the world fashion market is enormous: moreover, domestic brands tended to borrow foreign brand images. Third, it was known that fashion companies are very interested in establishing a positive company image and sharing feeling with consumers by implementing collaboration in oder to appeal to consumers' emotions. Therefore, it shoud be done an effective collaboration implement for the development of fashion industry that an understanding of partner, a study of fashion image through development item, an established image foundation of domestic brand, a correct analysis for reflecting artistic image, an effective collaboration implement for the development of fashion industry.

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