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물고사리(Ceratopteris thalictroides (L) Brongn.)는 물고 사리과(Parkeriaceae)에 속하는 일년생 양치식물이며, 국내 에 1과 1속 1종만이 자생 분포한다 (Lee, 1996a,b). 생물기 후적으로 열대 및 아열대 지역에 분포중심을 나타내며, 난 온대(warm temperate)지역에서 북한계 분포를 갖는다 (Masuyama and Adjie, 2008;Mahesh, 2010;USDA, 2010). 동북아시아에서는 한국 남부지역을 포함해 중국의 광동과 광서, 일본의 혼슈, 큐슈, 시코쿠 등에서 자생 분 포하는 것으로 알려져 있다 (Miyawaki et al., 1994). 국내 에서의 분포는 순천, 광양, 구례 등 전라남도 일대에서 드 물게 분포가 확인 되었으며 (Lee, 1996b), 섬진강과 영산강 유역권에서만 존재가 확인되었을 뿐 그 이외의 수계에서 는 분포가 알려져 있지 않다 (KBIS, 2013). 물고사리는 동아시아지역뿐만 아니라 아메리카, 아프리 카, 호주 등지에 이르기까지 범지구적인 분포를 나타내는 종이다. 그러나 고유 서식처의 낮은 빈도와 소실, 개체군 의 감소 등이 예측되어 2011년 세계자연보전연맹(IUCN) 에서는 레드리스트(Red-list)에 약관심종(least concern) 등 ABSTRACT. This study is aimed at classifying the syntaxa of Ceratopteris thalictroides dominant community on the Nakdong River, and to collect basic data for research of habitat. The communities were carried out by using the Z.-M. School's method and numerical classification technique. The result of syntaxa was classified three communities such as Persicaria japonicaCeratopteris thalictroides community, Lindernia procumbens-Ceratropteris thalictroides community, and Limnophila indicaCeratopteris thalictroides community. The ordination analysis displayed the vegetation types with respect to complex environmental gradients. After ordination and clustering analysis, the effective humidity, soil stability, trampling effects, anthropogenic effects and flooding frequency were identified as the important factors deciding the vegetation pattern. It was pointed out to establish a long-term ecological site for protecting such vulnerable vegetation against overexploitation and global climate change.

Mori Folium, the leaf of Morus alba, is a traditional medicinal herb that shows various pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antimelanogenesis, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiallergic, and immunomodulatory activities. However, the mechanisms of their inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis by ethanol extracts of Mori Folium (EEMF) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with EEMF suppressed the terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by a decrease in the lipid droplet number and lipid content through Oil Red O staining. EEMF significantly reduced the accumulation of cellular triglyceride, which is associated with a significant inhibition of pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and β (C/EBPβ).In addition, EEMF potentially downregulated the expression of adipocyte-specific genes, including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and leptin. Furthermore, EEMF treatment effectively increased the phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC); however, treatment with a potent inhibitor of AMPK, compound C, significantly restored the EEMF-induced inhibition of pro-adipogenic transcription factors and adipocyte-specific genes. These results together indicate that EEMF has preeminent effects on the inhibition of adipogenesis through the AMPK signaling pathway, and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds in Mori Folium.

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A molecular marker is a molecule contained within a sample taken from an organism or other matter. The development of molecular techniques for genetic analysis has led to a great contribution to our knowledge of plant genetics and our understanding of the structure and behavior of various genomes in plants. Recently, functional molecular markers have been developed to detect the presence of major genes from the analysis of pedigreed data in absence of molecular information. DNA markers have developed into many systems based on different polymorphism-detecting techniques or methods such as RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR, SNP, etc. A new class of very useful DNA markers called genic molecular markers utilizing the ever-increasing archives of gene sequence information being accumulated under the EST sequencing projects on a large number of plant species. Functional markers are derived from polymorphic sequences, and are more likely to be involved in phenotypic trait variation. Based on this conceptual framework, the marker systems discussed below are all (gene)-targeted markers, which have the potential to become functional. These markers being part of the cDNA/EST-sequences, are expected to represent the functional component of the genome i.e., gene(s), in contrast to all other random DNA based markers that are developed/generated from the anonymous genomic DNA sequences/domains irrespective of their genic content/information. Especially I sited Poczai et al' reviews, advances in plant gene-targeted and functional markers. Their reviews may be some useful information to study molecular markers in plants.