: Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model is one of the most quick, convenient and accurate models to estimate the NPP (Net Primary Productivity) of vegetation. The purposes of this study are (1) to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation NPP of the paddy field area in Korea from 2002 to 2012, and (2) to investigate how the rice productivity responded to inter-annual NPP variability, and (3) to estimate rice yield in Korea using CASA model applied to MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products and solar radiation. MODIS products; MYD09 for NIR and SWIR bands, MYD11 for LST, MYD15 for FPAR, respectively from a NASA web site were used. Finally, (4) its applicability is to be reviewed. For those purposes, correlation coefficients (linear regression for monthly NPP and accumulated NPP with rice yield) were examined to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of the relations. As a result, the total accumulated NPP and Sep. NPP tend to have high correlation with rice yield. The rice yield in 2012 was estimated to be 526.93㎏/10a by accumulated NPP and 520.32 ㎏/10a by Sep. NPP. RMSE were 9.46㎏/10a and 12.93㎏/10a, respectively, compared with the yield forecast of the National Statistical Office. This leads to the conclusion that NPP changes in the paddy field were well reflected rice yield in this study.

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In response to the shortage of human organs for transplantation, xenotransplantation is considered as one of the alternatives. In Korea, the xenotransplantation research began at 2002. But xenotransplantation raises a few of bioethical issues: the ethical legitimacy of xenotransplantation research, the ethics of animal experiments, and the problems of the clinical trial. In 2004 we administered a survey to find out the perceptions and attitudes of the researchers participated in xenotransplantation research toward some bioethical issues related to such research. We received 40 responses and analyzed the data. This survey showed that all of the respondents answered that xenotransplantation research is ethically legitimate. But 'very much legitimate'(43.6%) is little lower than 'some legitimate'(56.4%). In related to the ethics of animal experiments, this survey showed some meaningful results: the establishment of Animal Experiment Committee, the need to regular education about animal experiment guideline, the need and justness of transgenic animal and primates recipients etc. In relation to the clinical trial, this survey showed the researchers are very prudent and cautious. They agree to clinical test after 90% safety guaranteed in animal experiments. But they show a favourable response to xenotransplantation if the safety and effectiveness of xenotransplantation is guaranteed.