0908 The Impact Of Adenotonsillectomy On Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Children With Trisomy 21: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a prevalence of 1 - 5.7% in the general pediatric population. In children with Trisomy 21 (T21), OSA is estimated to be much higher, at 30-60%. The medical consequences of untreated OSA may be significant, therefore it is worthwhile to explore treatment options. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is often the first line treatment in children, including those with T21. However, success rates of AT in patients with T21 is more variable, and postoperative complications can be higher. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of AT on the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with Trisomy 21. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing children with T21 and the following criteria: 1) 0 to 18 years of age, 2) AT completed between January 2010 to December 2015, 3) pre- and post-operative polysomnogram (PSG). Data extraction included demographics, details of PSG both prior to and after surgery including severity of sleep apnea and oxygen levels, type of surgery, and surgical complications. Results Our sample consisted of 64 subjects. Mean pre-operative AHI was 32.2, while mean post-operative AHI was 8.0, for a difference of 21.7 (p = 0.0001). Mean pre-operative oxygen saturation was 92.5, while mean post-operative oxygen saturation was 93.7, for a difference of 1.2 (p = 0.01). There were 10 post-operative emergency room visits (15.3%), 2 admissions to hospital (3.1%) and 2 repeat surgeries for post-operative bleeding (3.1%). Conclusion Preliminary findings of this study show a statistically significant improvement in OSA severity as determined by change in AHI and mean oxygen saturations post AT in children with T21. Complication rates were low. Further data collection and analysis is underway. Support None.

Sleep apnea in people with Down syndrome: Causes and effects of physical activity?

“…In T21, sleep apnea syndrome shows an exceptionally high prevalence ranging from 40% to 88% in adults ( 52 ) and up to 97% in children ( 53 ) while only 7–13% of the general population is affected by this syndrome ( 54 ). However, sleep apnea is still misdiagnosed in T21 while it is responsible for cardiovascular pathologies and reduced life expectancy ( 55 ). The consequences of SAS can be observed in various abnormalities such as sleep fragmentation, nocturnal awakenings, snoring, morning asthenia, daytime hyper sleepiness and mood disorders.…”