1,4:3,6-Dianhydrohexitols

Cellulose Conversion to Isosorbide in Molten Salt hydrate Media

“…[7,21] Isosorbide is produced industrially by acidic dehydration of glucitol, obtained via hydrogenation from starch-produced glucose. [22] The dehydration advances sequentially; in the first step, 1,4 and 3,6 and 2,5 anhydroglucitols, known as sorbitans, are formed and in the second step, isosorbide results. The selectivity to isosorbide is limited as the 2,5 anhydro intermediate does not undergo a second dehydration.…”

“…At present, isosorbide and its derivatives are already demanded chemicals, as sustainable diols for polymer industry, intermediates in pharmaceutical products, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers, diester surfactants, and as solvents such as dimethyl isosorbide (DMI). [22,23] Possible uses of isosorbide and its derivatives as fuels (mainly diesel) are also being evaluated.…”

Metal phosphate catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under hydrothermal conditions

“…This 1.4:3.6-di-anhydrohexitol is useful in the formation of numerous pharmaceutical compounds, cosmetics, products of food industry [1], as well as polymers such as polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyesters and polyamides [2,3].…”

Synthesis and characterization of biobased epoxy monomers derived from d-glucose

“…The synthesized diglycidyl ether of isosorbide (1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbitol) was successfully incorporated into thermosets and thermoplastics in several cases. Some isosorbide-based thermosets had dry mechanical properties comparable to DGEBA [37][38][39][40][41] , however, the glass transition temperatures of the amine-cured networks are still lower than expected [40][41][42] .…”