1,4-Dihydropyridine: A Dependable Heterocyclic Ring with the Promising and the Most Anticipable Therapeutic Effects

Abstract

: Nowadays, heterocyclic compounds act as a scaffold and are the backbone of medicinal chemistry. Among all of the heterocyclic scaffolds, 1,4-Dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) is one of the most important heterocyclic rings that possess prominent therapeutic effects in a very versatile manner and plays an important role in synthetic, medicinal, and bioorganic chemistry. The main aim of the study is to review and encompass relevant studies related to 1,4-DHP and excellent therapeutic benefits of its derivatives. An extensive review of Pubmed-Medline, Embase and Lancet’s published articles was done to find all relevant studies on the activity of 1,4-DHP and its derivatives. 1,4-DHP is a potent Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) antagonist derivative which acts as an anti-hypertensive, anti- anginal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-cancer, anti-hyperplasia, anti-mutagenic, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-ulcer agent. From the inferences of the study, it can be concluded that the basic nucleus, 1,4-DHP which is a voltage-gated calcium ion channel blocker, acts as a base for its derivatives that possess different important therapeutic effects. There is a need of further research of this basic nucleus as it is a multifunctional moiety, on which addition of different groups can yield a better drug for its other activities such as anti-convulsant, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-microbial. This review would be significant for further researches in the development of several kinds of drugs by representing successful matrix for the medicinal agents.

The Expanding Role of Pyridine and Dihydropyridine Scaffolds in Drug Design

“…23 Lapidot et al summarized the antibacterial activity of dihydropyridine-containing peptidomimetics. 25 For substituted 1,4dihydropyridine, medicinal versatility and anticipable therapeutic effects have been the focus of past reviews, [29][30][31] eg, Khedkar et al briefly discussed the pharmacological importance of this type of molecule. 30 To the best of our knowledge, a review focusing on the therapeutic potential of pyridine-and dihydropyridine-containing compounds has never been published.…”

Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Amphiphilic 1,4-Dihydropyridines and Preparation of Magnetoliposomes

“…1,4-DHPs are important heterocyclic scaffolds with exceptional biological properties, and they take an important position in synthetic, medicinal and bioorganic chemistry [25]. Representatives of 4-aryl-1,4-DHPs are known as calcium channel blockers and have been widely used for the treatment of hypertension [26].…”

Synthesis and Laccase-Mediated Oxidation of New Condensed 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives

“…Melting points were determined using Thomas Hoover Capillary Melting Point Apparatus (Philadelphia, PA, USA) and were uncorrected. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded at 400 and 100 MHz, respectively, using High-Performance Digital FT-NMR Spectrometer, Varian Mercury 400, (Palo Alto, California, USA) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ) solutions. Chemical shifts are expressed in ppm (δ) using tetramethylsilane as an internal standard, and coupling constants (J) are measured in hertz (Hz).…”

“…1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) scaffold occupies a significant position amongst all heterocycles, especially due to its therapeutic value [1]. Commercial DHPs, represented by nifedipine, target the L-type calcium channel and are widely prescribed for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions [2].…”