Many real-life graphs such as social networks and peer-topeer networks capture the relationships among the nodes by using trust scores to label the edges. Important usage of such networks includes trust prediction, finding the most reliable or trusted node in a local subgraph, etc. For many of these applications, it is crucial to assess the prestige and bias of a node. The bias of a node denotes its propensity to trust/mistrust its neighbours and is closely related to truthfulness. If a node trusts all its neighbours, its recommendation of another node as trustworthy is less reliable. It is based on the idea that the recommendation of a highly biased node should weigh less. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to compute the bias and prestige of nodes in networks where the edge weight denotes the trust score. Unlike most other graph-based algorithms, our method works even when the edge weights are not necessarily positive. The algorithm is iterative and runs in O(km) time where k is the number of iterations and m is the total number of edges in the network. The algorithm exhibits several other desirable properties. It converges to a unique value very quickly. Also, the error in bias and prestige values at any particular iteration is bounded. Further, experiments show that our model conforms well to social theories such as the balance theory (enemy of a friend is an enemy, etc.).

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In designing of Prodrugs, targeting can be achieved in two ways: site-specified drug delivery and site-specific drug bioactivation. Prodrugs can be designed to target specific enzymes or carriers by considering enzyme-substrate specificity or carrier-substrate specificity in order to overcome various undesirable drug properties. There are certain techniques which are used for tumor targeting such as Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [ADEPT] Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [GDEPT], Virus Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [VDEPT] and Gene Prodrug Activation Therapy [GPAT]. Our review focuses on the Prodrugs used in site-specific drug delivery system specially on tumor targeting.

Background: Due to inappropriate diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular use of drugs like NSAIDs and sedentary lifestyle, one may feel upper abdominal pain which may be the predictor of the gastrointestinal disorder called Peptic Ulcer. When an imbalance occurs between the defensive factor and aggressive factor of the stomach, ulcer formation in the esophageal lining, stomach, or duodenum takes place. This leads to the formation of small sores that cause pain. Another condition that synergizes the abdominal pain is vomiting materials which look like coffee grounds, blood in the stool, black or tarry stools. This pain may increase after lunch or dinner. This problem persists, that often leads to the gastroenterologist's consultation. Objective: There are many antiulcer screening models present for the determination of antiulcer activity of the drug molecule. The main objective of this study is to find which model is best for the determination of antiulcer activity. Methods: A literature search was conducted on the databases namely Science direct and PubMed with the help of different keywords such as "Anti-ulcer", "In-vitro models" and "In-vivo models". The search was customized by applying the appropriate filters so as to get the most relevant articles to meet the objective of this review article. Result: There are different research and review papers based on the antiulcer screening models for the determination of antiulcer activity of new drug molecules. Conclusion: On the basis of our study, we found some useful models for the antiulcer activity of drugs and suggested that, if we use in-vitro and in-vivo methods together, then we may obtain the most relevant result in our research area.

: Nowadays, heterocyclic compounds act as a scaffold and are the backbone of medicinal chemistry. Among all of the heterocyclic scaffolds, 1,4-Dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) is one of the most important heterocyclic rings that possess prominent therapeutic effects in a very versatile manner and plays an important role in synthetic, medicinal, and bioorganic chemistry. The main aim of the study is to review and encompass relevant studies related to 1,4-DHP and excellent therapeutic benefits of its derivatives. An extensive review of Pubmed-Medline, Embase and Lancet’s published articles was done to find all relevant studies on the activity of 1,4-DHP and its derivatives. 1,4-DHP is a potent Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) antagonist derivative which acts as an anti-hypertensive, anti- anginal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-cancer, anti-hyperplasia, anti-mutagenic, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-ulcer agent. From the inferences of the study, it can be concluded that the basic nucleus, 1,4-DHP which is a voltage-gated calcium ion channel blocker, acts as a base for its derivatives that possess different important therapeutic effects. There is a need of further research of this basic nucleus as it is a multifunctional moiety, on which addition of different groups can yield a better drug for its other activities such as anti-convulsant, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-microbial. This review would be significant for further researches in the development of several kinds of drugs by representing successful matrix for the medicinal agents.