[1] Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview

Halliwell, Barry; Gutteridge, John M.C.

doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-b

Cited by 4,369 publications

(2,399 citation statements)

References 518 publications

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“…The reaction of Fe 2+ and H202 is also a feasible source of "OH in vivo, as H202 is generated in many aerobic cells and iron has been shown to catalyse radical reactions in biological fluids [21]. Cu 2+ is commonly used to induce human plasma LDL oxidation [6] and may react with lipid hydroperoxides, promoting the formation of peroxyl radicals and propagating lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). In our reaction mixture, the concentration of phosphatidylcholine was 260 p.M (as organic phosphate) and the concentration of fatty acids with 3 or more double bonds (the main ones responsible for MDA formation) [6] was 11.7 p.M, according to the fatty acid composition of fresh egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. Therefore, our free radical producing system induced the formation of 0.55 p.mol of MDA/p.mol of polyunsaturated fatty acid.…”

Section: He Effect On Fe 2+-induced Oxidation Of Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Cu 2+ as oxidizing agents on the consideration that these tra~lsition metals are present in human body and are involved in ,~xidative processes [6]. After exposure of liposomes to oxidative stress, we monitored both primary and end products of lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heparin protection against Fe²⁺‐and Cu²⁺‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

et al. 1996

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Heparin (HE) exhibited a protective effect on liposome peroxidation induced by Fe 2+ and Cu 2+, decreasing the formation of both conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activity was more relevant in the oxidizing system employing Fe 2+ and H202 and generating the highly reactive "OH radical. The analysis of liposome size distribution by quasielastic laser light scattering showed that: (1) the native structure of the particles was completely lost after exposure to Fenton reagent; (2) the presence of HE in the reaction mixture completely prevented the peroxidative damage on liposomes. Thus, HE acts as an antioxidant factor on membrane lipid bllayer. This suggests that HE, released from mast-cell granules during inflammatory processes, might locally protect the cell membrane from the oxidative injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: He Effect On Fe 2+-induced Oxidation Of Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heparin protection against Fe²⁺‐and Cu²⁺‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

et al. 1996

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“…Whenever the balance between RONS generation and the natural antioxidant defense system is lost, due to an increase in RONS production or a decrease in RONS scavenging capacity, this may leads to a series of events that may cause various pathological conditions to almost all vital organs [5,6]. The resulting oxidative and nitrosative stress, implicated in several human diseases, subsequently damages the cellular bio-molecules such as nucleic acids, lipids and proteins, ultimately resulting in cell death [4,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Skin and Pulp Extracts of Different Grape Cultivars In Vitro and Attenuation of H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver Tissue Ex Vivo

Singha

Das

2014

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Grapes are the richest source of antioxidants due to the presence of potent bioactive phytochemicals. In this study, the phytochemical contents, scavenging activities and protective role against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo of four grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars extracts, namely Flame seedless (black), Kishmish chorni (black with reddish brown), Red globe (red) and Thompson seedless mutant (green), were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids content in pulp or skin fractions of different grape cultivars were in the range of 47.6-310 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight (fw), and 46.6-733.3 lg catechin equivalent/g fw respectively. The scavenging activities in skin of different grape varieties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (44-58 %), hydrogen peroxide (15.3-18.6 %), and hydroxyl radicals (50-85 %), were higher than pulp of the corresponding cultivars. These scavenging activities of grape extracts were found to be significantly (p \ 0.01) correlated with the levels of total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid. Liver tissues from goat treated with H 2 O 2 (500 lM) showed significantly decreased GSH content by 42.9 % and activities of catalase by 50 % and glutathione reductase by 66.6 %; while increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitric oxide level by 2.53-and 0.86-fold, respectively, and activity of glutathione S-transferase by 0.96-fold. Grape skin extracts showed the stronger protective activity against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo, than its pulp of any cultivar; and the Flame seedless (black) cultivar showed the highest potential. In conclusion, our study suggested that the higher antioxidant potential, phytochemical contents and significant scavenging capacities in pulp and skin of grape extracts showed the protective action of grape extracts against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo.

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“…If one considers that the reaction partners H 2 O 2 , Fe 2þ and Cu þ are present at a concentration of about 1 mM under physiological conditions, the assumed reaction rates for Fe 2þ and Cu þ can be compared. If a cell volume of 10 712 L is assumed and a second order reaction constant of k ¼ 76 M À1 s À1 , about 46 molecules of OH are formed per cell per second (Halliwell & Gutteridge, 1990) when Fe 2þ is used as the catalyst (see eqn (2)).…”

Section: What Is the Role Of Cu In Oxidative Stress?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hohenheim Consensus Workshop: Copper

Schümann¹,

Classen

Dieter

et al. 2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element with many physiological functions. Homeostatic mechanisms exist to allow Cu to act as a cofactor in enzymatic processes and to prevent accumulation of Cu to toxic levels. The aim of this commentary is to better understand the role of dietary Cu supply in deficiency and under physiological and pathological conditions. The essentiality of Cu can be attributed to its role as a cofactor in a number of enzymes that are involved in the defence against oxidative stress. Cu, however, has a second face, that of a toxic compound as it is observed with accumulating evidence in hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The destructive potential of Cu can be attributed to inherent physico-chemical properties.The main property is its ability to take part in Fenton-like reactions in which the highly reactive and extremely deleterious hydroxyl radical is formed. Diseases caused by dietary Cu overload could be based on a genetic predisposition. Thus, an assessment of risk-groups, such as infants with impaired mechanisms of Cu homeostasis regarding detoxification, is of special interest, as their Cu intake with resuspended formula milk may be very high. This implies the need for reliable diagnostic markers to determine the Cu status. These topics were introduced at the workshop by the participants followed by extensive group discussion. The consensus statements were agreed on by all members. One of the conclusions is that a re-assessment of published data is necessary and future research is required.

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[1] Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview

Cited by 4,369 publications

References 518 publications

Heparin protection against Fe²⁺‐and Cu²⁺‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

Heparin protection against Fe²⁺‐and Cu²⁺‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Skin and Pulp Extracts of Different Grape Cultivars In Vitro and Attenuation of H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver Tissue Ex Vivo

Hohenheim Consensus Workshop: Copper

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[1] Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview

Cited by 4,369 publications

References 518 publications

Heparin protection against Fe2+‐and Cu2+‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

Heparin protection against Fe2+‐and Cu2+‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Skin and Pulp Extracts of Different Grape Cultivars In Vitro and Attenuation of H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver Tissue Ex Vivo

Hohenheim Consensus Workshop: Copper

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Heparin protection against Fe²⁺‐and Cu²⁺‐mediated oxidation of liposomes

Heparin protection against Fe²⁺‐and Cu²⁺‐mediated oxidation of liposomes