100% Sustainable Electricity in the Faroe Islands: Expansion Planning Through Economic Optimization

Tróndheim, Helma Maria; Niclasen, Bárður A.; Nielsen, Terji; Silva, Filipe Miguel Faria da; Bak, Claus Leth

doi:10.1109/oajpe.2021.3051917

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…• 100% RES is technically feasible and economically viable. This has been shown for several small islands as well as for large island states, independent of their geographic location, see, for example, Bac ˇeli c Medi c et al ( 2013), Child, Nordling, and Breyer (2018), Gils and Simon (2017), Meschede et al (2018), Timmons et al (2020), andTrondheim et al (2021). Key RE resources are solar PV and wind energy.…”

Section: Lessons Learnt For Res Projectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Few studies focus on the group of islands belonging to the same country or archipelago, for example, Gils and Simon (2017) take the Canary Islands as a case for a carbon-neutral archipelago, Keiner et al (2022) and van Alphen et al (2007) analyzing similar Maldives islands and Nordman et al (2019) for Cape Verde or Pfeifer et al (2018) focusing on interconnected Croatian islands. Renewable energy systems on the Faroe Islands are covered by Trondheim et al (2021), and the archipelago of the Galapagos islands is subject to Icaza- Alvarez et al (2022). Some islands are analyzed more than once indicating that these islands are some kind of laboratory for different analysis and research purposes.…”

Section: General Results Of 100% Res Island Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands

Meschede

Bertheau

Khalili

et al. 2022

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Globally, more than 740 million people live on islands which are often seen as ideal environments for the development of renewable energy systems. Hereby, they play the role to demonstrate technical solutions as well as political transition pathways of energy systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The growing number of articles on 100% renewable energy systems on islands is analyzed with a focus on technical solutions for transition pathways. Since the first “100% renewable energy systems on islands”‐article in a scientific journal in 2004, 97 articles handling 100% renewable energy systems on small islands were published and are reviewed in this article. In addition, a review on 100% renewable energy systems on bigger island states is added. Results underline that solar PV as well as wind are the main technologies regarding 100% RES on islands. Not only for the use of biomass but for all RES area limitation on islands needs to be taken more seriously, based on full energy system studies and respective area demand. Furthermore, it is shown that there is still not the same common sense in the design approach including and starting at the energy needs as well as on multi‐sectoral approach. The consideration of maritime transport, aviation, cooling demands, and water systems beyond seawater desalination is only poorly considered in existing studies. Future research should also focus on developing pathways to transform the existing conventional infrastructure stepwise into a fully renewable system regarding also the interconnections with the mainland and neighboring islands. This article is categorized under: Policy and Economics > Green Economics and Financing Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy Energy Systems Analysis > Economics and Policy Energy Systems Analysis > Systems and Infrastructure

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Section: Lessons Learnt For Res Projectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: General Results Of 100% Res Island Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands

Meschede

Bertheau

Khalili

et al. 2022

WIREs Energy & Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, none of the optimized values exceed the upper boundaries, making the upper boundaries redundant. The lower boundaries are set to the capacity of the current and committed wind farms on the Faroe Islands as distributed in the study by Tróndheim et al (2021), with a total of 60.63 MW. Values for both the upper and lower boundaries are normalized by a total power capacity of 168 MW, being the proposed wind power capacity in 2030 by Tróndheim et al (2021).…”

Section: Optimization Of Wind Farm Capacitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the three cases, Case II (the exclusion of the two southernmost site locations) has the heaviest spectral tail, followed by Case III (bound by current and committed wind farm power capacities as distributed in the study by Tróndheim et al, 2021) and finally Case I (all site locations). The 5th and 95th percentiles and the standard deviations of the hourly step-change functions of the time series show the same trend, with the highest values for Case II, followed by Case III and then Case I.…”

Section: Comparison Of Optimized Portfolios According To Different Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of wind farm portfolios for minimizing overall power fluctuations at selective frequencies – a case study of the Faroe Islands

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Hourly modeled wind turbine power output time series – modeled based on outputs from the mesoscale numerical weather prediction system Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) – are used to examine the spatial smoothing of various wind farm portfolios located on a complex isolated island group with a surface area of 1400 km2. Power spectral densities (PSDs), hourly step-change functions, and duration curves are generated, and the 5th and 95th percentiles and the standard deviations of the hourly step-change functions are calculated. The spatial smoothing is identified from smaller high-frequency PSD amplitudes, lower hourly fluctuations, and more flat duration curves per installed wind power capacity, compared with single wind turbine outputs. A discussion on the limitation of the spatial smoothing for the region is included, where a smoothing effect is observed for periods of up to 1–2 d, although it is most evident at higher frequencies. By maximizing the smoothing effect, optimal wind farm portfolios are presented with the intention of minimizing overall wind power fluctuations. The focus is mainly on the smoothing effect on the 1–3 h timescale, during which the coherency between wind farm power outputs is expected to be dependent on how the regional weather travels between local sites, thereby making optimizations of wind farm portfolios relevant – in contrast to a focus on either lower or higher frequencies on the scale of days or minutes, respectively, during which wind farm power output time series are expected to be either close to fully coherent due to the same weather conditions covering a small region or not coherent as the turbulences in separate wind farm locations are expected to be uncorrelated. Results show that an optimization of the wind farm capacities at 14 pre-defined wind farm site locations has a minimal improvement on the hourly fluctuations compared with a portfolio with equally weighted wind farm capacities. However, choosing optimized combinations of individual wind farm site locations decreases the 1–3 h fluctuations considerably. For example, selecting a portfolio with four wind farms (out of the 14 pre-defined wind farm site locations) results in 15 % lower 5th and 95th percentiles of the hourly step-change function when choosing optimal wind farm combinations compared with choosing the worst wind farm combinations. For an optimized wind farm portfolio of seven wind farms, this number is 13 %. Optimized wind farm portfolios consist of distant wind farms, while the worst portfolios consist of clustered wind farms.

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“…The global need for low-carbon energy is driving ambitious targets for wind, wave, and tidal energy in many countries. Tidal stream generators (hereafter termed "tidal turbines") have the potential to contribute 11% of the UK's current energy demand (Coles et al, 2021) and tidal energy has an important role to play in ensuring grid stability in a renewable energy future (Tróndheim et al, 2021). However, while wind energy is now making significant contributions to global energy supplies, tidal energy industries are currently at relatively early development stages (Ocean Energy Systems, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Mammal HiCUP: A High Current Underwater Platform for the Long-Term Monitoring of Fine-Scale Marine Mammal Behavior Around Tidal Turbines

et al. 2022

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Arrays of tidal turbines are being considered for tidally energetic coastal sites which can be important habitat for many species of marine mammal. Understanding risks to marine mammals from collisions with moving turbine blades must be overcome before regulators can issue licenses for many developments. To understand these risks, it is necessary to understand how animals move around operational turbines and to document the rate at which interactions occur. We report on the design, and performance, of a seabed mounted sensor platform for monitoring the fine scale movements of cetaceans and pinnipeds around operational tidal turbines. The system comprises two high-frequency multibeam active sonars, which can accurately track animals in the horizontal plane. By offsetting the vertical angle of the sonars, the relative intensity of targets on the two sonars can also be used to resolve a vertical component of the animal location. For regularly vocalizing species, i.e., small cetaceans, a tetrahedral array of high frequency hydrophones mounted close to the sonars is used to measure both horizontal and vertical angles to cetacean echolocation clicks. This provides additional localization and tracking information for cetaceans and can also be used to distinguish between pinnipeds and cetaceans detected in the sonar data, based on the presence or absence of echolocation clicks. The system is cabled to shore for power, data transfer, and communications using turbine infrastructure. This allows for continuous operation over many months or years, which will be required to capture what may be rare interactions. The system was tested during a series of multi-week field tests, designed to test system integrity, carry out system calibrations, and test the efficiency of data collection, analyses, and archiving procedures. Overall, the system proved highly reliable, with the PAM system providing bearing accuracies to synthetic sounds of around 4.2 degrees for echolocation clicks with a signal to noise ratio above 15 dB. The system will be deployed close to an operational turbine in early 2022.

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100% Sustainable Electricity in the Faroe Islands: Expansion Planning Through Economic Optimization

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands

A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands

Optimization of wind farm portfolios for minimizing overall power fluctuations at selective frequencies – a case study of the Faroe Islands

Marine Mammal HiCUP: A High Current Underwater Platform for the Long-Term Monitoring of Fine-Scale Marine Mammal Behavior Around Tidal Turbines

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