100 years of the State Meadow Institute

Abstract

100 years since the Establishment of the State Meadow Institute the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology celebrates in June 2022. The State Meadow Institute creation was event of the most important state significance. This event is extremely important for rational nature management, increasing soil fertility, obtaining high and sustainable crop yields, and preserving the productive longevity of our lands. In 1922 the Station for the study of forage plants and forage area was transformed into the State Meadow Institute (SMI). 1930 – SMI was transformed into the All-Union Williams Fodder Research Institute. 1992 – transformation into the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute. 2018 transformation into the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology. Throughout its history, the Institute has proudly borne the name of its founder – W. R. Williams. Such famous scientists as V. R. Williams, A. M. Dmitriev, L. G. Ramensky, I. V. Larin, S. P. Smelov, T. A. Rabotnov, A. A. Zubrilin and many others worked at the Institute. The Institute's works (books, articles) have been published in England, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, USA, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Switzerland, Sweden, and Japan. Scientific and practical achievements of the Institute were awarded 7 times with State prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as Prizes of the government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation, diplomas of Exhibitions and other awards. For services to the country, the Institute was awarded the order of Labor Red Banner.

BIOSPHERE, NOOSPHERE AND AGRICULTURE (to the 160th anniversary of the birth V.I. Vernadsky)

“…Ими создается и почти вся биомасса биосферы (около 99%). В ходе длительной эволюции биосфера приобрела сложную структуру, разнообразие, обеспечивающие ее устойчивость и развитие [4].…”

“…Термин «ноосфера» и понятие ноосферы как облекающей земной шар идеальной, «мыслящей» оболочки, формирование которой связано с возникновением и развитием человеческого сознания, введен французским философом Э. Леруа в 1927 году [4].…”

Carbon Farming in the Kaliningrad Region

“…The essence of carbon farming is to increase soil carbon by increasing the amount of carbon and conservation in the soil, as well as reducing the rate of carbon loss due to cropping and soil erosion. One of the leading factors in reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with agricultural production is minimizing the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers and increasing the role of biological and innovative methods of carbon farming [2,3].…”

Phenotyping of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) breeding lines in terms of productivity in the Omsk oblast

“…Cultivation of lentils is an important part of the sowing and grain complex of the Russian Federation. Since this solves the problem of providing the population with high-quality food, and animals with feed [2]. Today, Russia is one of the three leaders in the production of lentil grain [3].…”