1000 cut journey

Cogburn, Courtney D.; Bailenson, Jeremy N.; Ogle, Elise; Asher, Tobin; Nichols, T. Phillip

doi:10.1145/3226552.3226575

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The extent to which any particular VR experience is immersive or interactive also varies based upon the specifications of the specific software. For example, 1000 Cut Journey allows viewers to become Michael Sterling, a Black man, and encounter racism as they try to complete everyday activities (Cogburn et al, 2018). Users can interact with the experience by opening doors and picking-up objects using a controller.…”

Section: Types Of Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality improves emotional but not cognitive empathy: A meta-analysis.

Martingano¹,

Hererra²,

Konrath³

2021

Technology, Mind, and Behavior

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Virtual Reality (VR) has been touted as an effective empathy intervention, with its most ardent supporters claiming it is "the ultimate empathy machine." We aimed to determine whether VR deserves this reputation, using a random-effects meta-analysis of all known studies that examined the effect of virtual reality experiences on users' empathy (k = 43 studies, with 5,644 participants). The results indicated that many different kinds of VR experiences can increase empathy, however, there are important boundary conditions to this effect. Subgroup analyses revealed that VR improved emotional empathy, but not cognitive empathy. In other words, VR can arouse compassionate feelings but does not appear to encourage users to imagine other peoples' perspectives. Further subgroup analyses revealed that VR was no more effective at increasing empathy than less technologically advanced empathy interventions such as reading about others and imagining their experiences. Finally, more immersive and interactive VR experiences were no more effective at arousing empathy than less expensive VR experiences such as cardboard headsets. Our results converge with existing research suggesting that different mechanisms underlie cognitive versus emotional empathy. It appears that emotional empathy can be aroused automatically when witnessing evocative stimuli in VR, but cognitive empathy may require more effortful engagement, such as using one's own imagination to construct others' experiences. Our results have important practical implications for nonprofits, policymakers, and practitioners who are considering using VR for prosocial purposes. In addition, we recommend that VR designers develop experiences that challenge people to engage in empathic effort.

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Section: Types Of Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality improves emotional but not cognitive empathy: A meta-analysis.

Martingano¹,

Hererra²,

Konrath³

2021

Technology, Mind, and Behavior

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“…Specifically, physicians who embodied their own patients to virtually experience their biased nonverbal behavior showed increased compassion and decreased likelihood of writing a biased prescription compared with control participants. Although currently untested (to our knowledge), theoretically, VR could treat bias and racism (e.g., recognizing one's own and others' racist behavior, disparate treatment recommendations) with a VR version of exposure therapy or anxiety treatments (see Rizzo & Koenig, 2017; for related work on racial embodiment to counteract racism see Cogburn et al, 2018). Taken together, professionals in medicine, education, policing, law, and other fields can employ the unique qualities of VR to learn about their unexamined racial biases and training to combat the negative effects of those racial biases.…”

Section: Recommendation 4: Mitigate the Impact Of Threatening Verbal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interracial Contact in Virtual Reality: Best Practices

Taylor

Valladares

Siepser

et al. 2020

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

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Interracial interactions are occurring more frequently in virtual reality (VR) environments (e.g., multiplayer games, virtual classrooms, medical appointments). Individuals bring their biases and prejudices with them as they enter virtual spaces. Drawing from theories of real-world interracial interaction, predictable affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes undermine the quality of live interracial interactions. Emerging research using VR suggests that these same challenges occur in virtual social interactions. These challenges can be addressed using evidence-based best practices and policy recommendations: Improving racial/ethnic representation in VR, regulating codes of conduct, ensuring transparency about privacy/consent, and reducing explicit and implicit racist behavior. Following these recommendations can improve VR interracial contact and, in turn, real-world interracial interactions. While VR can serve as a unique tool to bring people together, carefully considered policies must mitigate the negative effects of racial bias that can hinder the progress of improved interracial interactions.

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“…Without a correct appraisal or understanding of racialized themes or events, the potential for the system to be effective as an intervention is markedly diminished. Prominent research in the domain of serious games addressing racial discrimination within the last decade has focused on improving users' understanding of racism by putting them into the first-person perspective of a player-character in a racialized encounter [1,2]. Although these systems hold promise to support learning and training, there is a lack of research characterizing the ways in which individuals' physical world racial attitudes may exist as barriers to transformative learning within serious games addressing racial issues.…”

Section: Race and Ethnicity In Videogames And Interactive Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Don't See Color”: Characterizing Players’ Racial Attitudes and Experiences via an Anti-Bias Simulation Videogame

Olson

Harrell

2020

International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games

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Videogames and learning/training applications that address racial discrimination have risen in popularity recently, coinciding with the rapid development of the field of serious (or impact) games [1, 2]. While there has been much focus on understanding the efficacy of these systems as interventions to reduce racial bias, there has been less attention paid to how individuals' prior physical-world racial attitudes influence their experiences of such games about racial issues. Toward addressing this gap, the study presented here examines the relationships between PreK-12 educators' colorblind racial attitudes and their game experience and narrative interpretations in narrative videogame modeling racial and ethnic socialization called Passage Home. Passage Home embeds a novel computational model and simulation informed by the Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory (RECAST) [3] to simulate a discriminatory racial encounter in a classroom setting. The system serves as a tool for assessing players' racial and ethnic socialization (RES) experiences to support interventions for learning about racial bias. This paper presents the results of a user study deploying Passage Home with PreK-12 educators. Analysis revealed that players' colorblind racial attitudes and ethnic identity were related to their in-game racial appraisal and feelings of competence, negative affect, and empathy in the game. Given the prevalence of colorblind racial ideology across racial and ethnic groups in the United States [4, 5], we propose an initial typology of players' colorblind racial attitudes emerging from this analysis to aid in the future development of serious game interventions addressing racial discrimination. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Computers in other domains; Personal computers and PC applications; Computer games; • Humancentered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI); HCI design and evaluation methods; User studies.

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1000 cut journey

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Virtual reality improves emotional but not cognitive empathy: A meta-analysis.

Virtual reality improves emotional but not cognitive empathy: A meta-analysis.

Interracial Contact in Virtual Reality: Best Practices

“I Don't See Color”: Characterizing Players’ Racial Attitudes and Experiences via an Anti-Bias Simulation Videogame

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