“…However, regardless of design and material combination, these devices are expected to wear and produce particulate debris over the course of their expected lifetime. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Throughout its over 40-year history, the survivorship of total joint arthroplasty has been limited primarily by the generation of wear debris and its subsequent biologic sequela; aseptic loosening caused by a wear particle-mediated infl ammation and osteolytic cascade. 8,9 Therefore, given that the expected lifetime of a disc arthroplasty device can be 40 or more years, signifi cantly longer than that of a total hip or knee implant, wear and the accumulating wear particulate is of clinical concern, as this is considered a critical determinant of the devices' expected lifetime.…”