11.8 Chip-scale electro-optical 3D FMCW lidar with 8μm ranging precision

Behroozpour, Behnam; Sandborn, Phillip A. M.; Quack, Niels; Seok, Tae Joon; Matsui, Yasuhiro; Wu, Ming C.; Boser, Bernhard E.

doi:10.1109/isscc.2016.7417983

“…For such application, it is necessary to detect in real-time the presence of both fast moving and stationary objects in the surroundings and construct the corresponding 3-D image. The two most used lidar techniques which meet these requirements, involve the pulsed beam (based on the time of flight (ToF) principle) and frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) approaches [2]. Moreover, key features like long-range detection, high spatial resolution, real-time performance, eye safety and interference tolerance are the requisite of the lidar technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

Ahmad

¹

,

Liao

²

,

Kuo

³

et al. 2021

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In this work, we demonstrate the high-power and high-responsivity performance of the dual multiplication (M-) layers in In0.52 Al0.48 As based avalanche photodiode (APD). The dual M-layer design in our APD structure effectively constrains the multiplication process to a thin high-field region rather than the whole thick M-layer. It thus minimizes the space charge effect (SCE) within and avoids increasing the tunneling dark current for the case of directly shrinking M-layer thickness in APD. Furthermore, by combining the specially designed mesa shape with this dual M-layer structure, the edge breakdown can be well suppressed. These benefits lead to an ultra-high gain-bandwidth product (450 GHz; 1 A/W at unit gain) and a high saturation current (>12 mA) can be simultaneously achieved in our device. By nonlinearly driving a wavelength sweeping laser in the self-heterodyne lidar setup, it can generate an optical pulse train-like waveform, providing an effective optical modulation depth of 200% to feed into our demonstrated APD at the receiver-end. Under such scheme, the photo-generated RF (1 GHz) power from our APD with a 6.3 A/W responsivity can be as high as +6.95 dBm at a high (7 mA) output photocurrent. Such high-power and highresponsivity characteristics of our APD can further improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and dynamic range performances in each pixel of the lidar image. A high-quality 3-dimensional (D) FMCW lidar image is constructed based on our APD, without the integration of any electrical amplifier at the receiver end.

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“…As a result, point-by-point illumination has been the subject of much attention with the introduction of all-integrated optical phased arrays (OPA), which allow for solid-state beam steering [10,24,21]. On the receiver end, a lens [1,4] or a solid-state beamforming receiver [11] reconstructs the image of the target, and signal detection is achieved via heterodyne mixing. Such an imaging system is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a). The desired image information, whether it is the refractive index, the optical absorption of the material, or time-of-flight (η(x, y, z)) can be extracted after digitization in post-processing [1,4,23]. There are two challenges with these architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQ Photonic Receiver for Coherent Imaging with a Scalable Aperture

Khachaturian¹,

Fatemi²,

Hajimiri³

2021

Preprint

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Silicon photonics (SiP) integrated coherent image sensors offer higher sensitivity and improved range-resolutionproduct compared to direct detection image sensors such as CCD and CMOS devices. Previous generation of SiP coherent imagers suffer from relative optical phase fluctuations between the signal and reference paths, which results in random phase and amplitude fluctuations in the output signal. This limitation negatively impacts the SNR and signal acquisition times. Here we present a coherent imager system that suppresses the optical carrier signal and removes non-idealities from the relative optical path using a photonic in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) receiver via a 90 • hybrid detector. Furthermore, we incorporate rowcolumn read-out and row-column addressing schemes to address the electro-optical interconnect density challenge. Our novel rowcolumn read-out architecture for the sensor array requires only 2N interconnects for N 2 sensors. An 8 × 8 IQ sensor array is presented as a proof-of-concept demonstration with 1.2 × 10 −5 resolution over range accuracy. Free-space FMCW ranging with 250 µm resolution at 1 m distance has been demonstrated using this sensor array.

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“…As a result, point-by-point illumination has been the subject of much attention with the introduction of all-integrated optical phased arrays (OPA), which allow for solid-state beam steering [12,13,14]. On the receiver end, a lens [15,16] or a solidstate beamforming receiver [17] reconstructs the image of the target, and signal detection is achieved via heterodyne mixing. Such an imaging system is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQ Photonic Receiver for Coherent Imaging With a Scalable Aperture

Khachaturian¹,

Fatemi

²

,

Hajimiri

³

2021

IEEE Open J. Solid-State Circuits Soc.

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Silicon photonics (SiP) integrated coherent image sensors offer higher sensitivity and improved range-resolutionproduct compared to direct detection image sensors such as CCD and CMOS devices. Previous generation of SiP coherent imagers suffer from relative optical phase fluctuations between the signal and reference paths, which results in random phase and amplitude fluctuations in the output signal. This limitation negatively impacts the SNR and signal acquisition times. Here we present a coherent imager system that suppresses the optical carrier signal and removes non-idealities from the relative optical path using a photonic in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) receiver via a 90 • hybrid detector. Furthermore, we incorporate rowcolumn read-out and row-column addressing schemes to address the electro-optical interconnect density challenge. Our novel rowcolumn read-out architecture for the sensor array requires only 2N interconnects for N 2 sensors. An 8 × 8 IQ sensor array is presented as a proof-of-concept demonstration with 1.2 × 10 −5 resolution over range accuracy. Free-space FMCW ranging with 250 µm resolution at 1 m distance has been demonstrated using this sensor array.

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11.8 Chip-scale electro-optical 3D FMCW lidar with 8μm ranging precision

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications

IQ Photonic Receiver for Coherent Imaging with a Scalable Aperture

IQ Photonic Receiver for Coherent Imaging With a Scalable Aperture

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