11. Non-morphological realizations of evidentiality: The case of parenthetical elements in Lithuanian

Usonienė, Aurelija

doi:10.1515/9783110343953-012

Cited by 10 publications

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“…For example, the English markers evidently and apparently, which are expressed by a single adverb, and the markers I think and I guess, which are realised by a clause, belong to author stance adverbials (Biber et al 1999, 854-855). In Lithuanian, as has been shown in previous studies (Usonienė 2012(Usonienė , 2013(Usonienė , 2015Smetona, Usonienė 2012), alongside the adverbs and non-agreeing adjectives illustrated in (1) and (2), common synchronic sources of adverbialisation can be verbs (e.g. atrodo 'it seems', girdi 'hear'), non-agreeing participles (e.g.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…matyt 'evidently', atrodo 'it seems', regis 'seemingly', esą 'they say', aišku 'clearly/of course', žinoma 'certainly') have been traditionally treated as markers of epistemic modality (Akelaitis 1992;Ambrazas 2006). Their reference to the source of information as primary meaning has been attested in Wiemer (2007Wiemer ( , 2010aWiemer ( , 2010b, Usonienė (2013Usonienė ( , 2015 and Ruskan (2013). The relation of evidential and epistemic meaning components has been addressed in intralinguistic and crosslinguistic studies dealing with the adverbials matyt 'evidently', regis 'seemingly' and atrodo 'it seems' (Usonienė 2003(Usonienė , 2015Šinkūnienė 2012;Šolienė 2012;Usonienė, Šinkūnienė 2013).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relation of evidential and epistemic meaning components has been addressed in intralinguistic and crosslinguistic studies dealing with the adverbials matyt 'evidently', regis 'seemingly' and atrodo 'it seems' (Usonienė 2003(Usonienė , 2015Šinkūnienė 2012;Šolienė 2012;Usonienė, Šinkūnienė 2013). The pragmaticalisation of evidential adverbials in Lithuanian, as in other European languages, is reflected by their syntactic mobility, bleaching of lexical meaning, displays of interpersonal and textual functions and their acquisition of grammatical status (Usonienė 2012(Usonienė , 2013(Usonienė , 2015. The status of a pragmatic marker is typically assigned to adverbials based on second person verb forms (e.g.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidential adverbials in Lithuanian: a corpus-based study

Ruskan¹

2015

Klbt

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The present study examines the functional distribution of the adverbials akivaizdžiai 'evidently', aiškiai 'clearly', ryškiai 'visibly/clearly', tariamai 'allegedly/supposedly' and aišku 'clearly/of course' in Lithuanian fiction and academic discourse. The aim of the study is to identify the evidential and/or pragmatic functions of perception and communication-based adverbials which can be traced synchronically to different syntactic environment (a predication manner adverbial and a CTP clause). The paper examines the frequency of these adverbials, their position, scope, functions, cooccurrence with argumentative markers, word class (adverb or non-agreeing adjective) and the type of discourse they occur in. The research is conducted by applying a corpusbased methodology and the data are obtained from the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language, namely from the subcorpus of fiction, and the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian.The perception-based adverbials akivaizdžiai 'evidently', aiškiai 'clearly', ryškiai 'clearly/visibly' and aišku 'clearly/of course' denote inferences drawn from perceptual and conceptual evidence and contribute to persuasive authorial argumentation, while the communication-based adverbial tariamai 'allegedly/supposedly' functions as a hearsay marker. The latter may also be used as an epistemic marker which refers to unreal or imagined situations. In contexts of common knowledge, the adverbial aišku 'clearly/of course' acquires interactional and textual functions and thus reveals traces of pragmaticalisation. In academic discourse, it signals interaction with the addressee and links units of discourse, while in fiction it functions as a speech act modifier in a variety of emotive contexts. The pragmaticalisation of aišku 'clearly/of course' is also marked by its high frequency, positional mobility (initial, medial, final) and scopal variability (clausal, phrasal). Alongside its discrete evidential and pragmatic functions, the adverbial aišku 'clearly/of course' displays the merger of the two functions. The 105 adverbials akivaizdžiai 'evidently', aiškiai 'clearly', ryškiai 'visibly/clearly' and tariamai 'allegedly/supposedly' do not acquire a pragmatic function, which is indicated by their frequency and position. The results of the present study corroborate the findings of previous studies that common sources of evidential adverbials and pragmatic markers in Lithuanian are verb-based, adjective-based and noun-based CTP clauses.

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidential adverbials in Lithuanian: a corpus-based study

Ruskan¹

2015

Klbt

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“…While the former is commonly followed by a to-complement clause, the latter most frequently controls a that-clause, which adds to previous studies of diverse modes of expressing epistemicity (Usonienė & Šolienė 2010;Usonienė 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Its adverbial status and evidential epistemic meaning overlap have been discussed in fiction and academic discourse (Ruskan 2012(Ruskan , 2013. Despite the fact that there are a number of studies dealing with the functions and syntactic status of adjective-based CTPs in Lithuanian (Usonienė 2012(Usonienė , 2013(Usonienė , 2015Ruskan 2012Ruskan , 2013Ruskan , 2015, none of the studies have addressed the distribution and functions of tikėtina 'believable, likely' in present-day Lithuanian.…”

Section: The Category Of Epistemicity and Previous Accounts Of Likelymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epistemic qualifications of the English marker likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian

Ruskan¹

2017

KLB

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The current study focuses on the epistemic qualifications realised by the English adjective and adverb likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian panašu 'likely, it seems' and tikėtina 'believable, likely', which derive from the semantic domain of comparison and belief. The aim of the study is to identify the functional similarities and differences of the markers in terms of their frequency, syntactic features (Complement-Taking-Predicates (CTPs), adverbials), functions, collocational profile and type of discourse (academic, newspaper). The English and Lithuanian data were drawn from the monolingual corpora, namely the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL), Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) and the bidirectional parallel corpus ParaCorp ENàLTàEN . The quantitative and qualitative findings reveal that the closest cross-linguistic CTP and adverbial equivalents are likely and tikėtina 'believable, likely' because they are most frequent in formal registers (academic, newspaper discourse) and display similar collocational profiles and contexts of use. In contexts with explicit evidence and argumentation, they may acquire evidential functions. Although the CTP and adverbial panašu 'likely, it seems' shares similarities with likely and tikėtina 'believable, likely' in expressing the author's degree of probability, it shows a different semantic profile from the latter due to its conceptual link with the original meaning of similarity and appearances. The study shows how markers that derive from the semantic domain of comparison vary in functional distribution in present-day English and Lithuanian and introduces their functional equivalents deriving from a different semantic domain.

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Subordinating Conjunctions as Discourse Markers in Lithuanian

Jasionytė-Mikučionienė

2019

Corpus Pragmatics

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11. Non-morphological realizations of evidentiality: The case of parenthetical elements in Lithuanian

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Evidential adverbials in Lithuanian: a corpus-based study

Evidential adverbials in Lithuanian: a corpus-based study

Epistemic qualifications of the English marker likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian

Subordinating Conjunctions as Discourse Markers in Lithuanian

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