111Indium autologous granulocytes in the detection of inflammatory bowel disease.

Review of Fecal Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…It has been demonstrated that granulocytes localize in the inflamed bowel, migrate into the lumen, and finally are excreted in the feces. 26 111 Indium-labeled granulocyte scintigraphy has been validated as a highly sensitive, specific, and quantitative method of assessing both the extent (r=0.9, P=0.001) and severity (r=0.9, P=0.001) of colonic inflammation in CD and UC compared with endoscopy and histology. 1,12,26 Four-day fecal 111 Indium excretion correlates well with disease activity in CD and UC.…”

“…26 111 Indium-labeled granulocyte scintigraphy has been validated as a highly sensitive, specific, and quantitative method of assessing both the extent (r=0.9, P=0.001) and severity (r=0.9, P=0.001) of colonic inflammation in CD and UC compared with endoscopy and histology. 1,12,26 Four-day fecal 111 Indium excretion correlates well with disease activity in CD and UC. 27 In patients with isolated small-bowel CD, 111 Indium-granulocyte excretion is less than in colonic disease and correlation with clinical indices of disease activity is poorer.…”

Faecal calprotectin or lactoferrin can identify postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease

“…Faecal calprotectin (FC), a granulocyte cytosolic protein, is closely correlated with 5-day faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled leucocytes, which is widely regarded as the 'gold standard' for quantification of intestinal inflammation 17,18,20,21 . It is released during cell death and so is a marker of cell turnover and hence inflammation.…”

New faecal tests in gastroenterology

“…Faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled leukocytes is a recognized diagnostic test for gastrointestinal inflammation. It has been shown to correlate with endoscopic and histological findings and to have a sensitivity of 97% for the diagnosis of IBD, 4 but requires the patient to be exposed to radiation and to perform a prolonged faecal collection. Candidate faecal markers that can be measured in a single sample have therefore been sought.…”