13 Baroreflex Regulation of Blood Pressure during Dynamic Exercise

Raven, Peter B.; Potts, Jeffrey T.; Shi, Xiangrong

doi:10.1249/00003677-199700250-00015

Cited by 111 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…The resulting secondary reflex effects will tend to counteract the responses evoked via the carotid sinus baroreflex itself (10, 12, 26 -28). However, the HR and MAP responses to a brief (5 s) neck chamber stimulus are regarded as being only minimally affected by extracarotid sinus baroreceptors (21,23). In addition, the use of Doppler ultrasound in the present study provided a noninvasive blood flow measurement with beat-by-beat resolution, and this facilitated measurement of transient, yet marked, changes in vascular conductance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Although any HR change induced by NP might alter cardiac output and affect the blood pressure responses (23), neither the HR response nor the time course of the HR change differed between PEMI and the control situation (Fig. 3D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…*Significant difference from the baseline value, P Ͻ 0.05; †significant difference from the control situation, P Ͻ 0.05. The initial, gradual reduction in MAP that occurs during NS may be due to an altered cardiac output secondary to an HR change (18,23). In the control situation, the timing of the peak MAP response (which occurred at 5-7 s after the start of NS) showed a delay relative to the peak HR response, but the former occurred at the same time as the peak LVC response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle metaboreflex modulates the arterial baroreflex dynamic effects on peripheral vascular conductance in humans

Ichinose¹,

Nishiyasu²

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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by the ultrasound Doppler method), leg vascular conductance (LVC), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR)] in humans. In 12 healthy subjects (10 men and 2 women), who performed sustained 1-min handgrip exercise at 50% maximal voluntary contraction followed immediately by an imposed postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI), 5-s periods of neck pressure (NP; 50 mmHg) or neck suction (NS; Ϫ60 mmHg) were used to evaluate carotid baroreflex function both at rest (Con) and during PEMI. First, the decreases in LVC and LBF and the augmentation of MAP elicited by NP were all greater during PEMI than in Con (⌬LVC, Ϫ1.2 Ϯ 0.2 vs. Ϫ1.9 Ϯ 0.2 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ mmHg Ϫ1 ; ⌬LBF, Ϫ97.3 Ϯ 11.2 vs. Ϫ177.0 Ϯ 21.8 ml/min; ⌬MAP, 6.7 Ϯ 1.2 vs. 11.5 Ϯ 1.4 mmHg, Con vs. PEMI; each P Ͻ 0.05). Second, in Con, NS significantly increased both LVC and LBF (⌬LVC, 0.9 Ϯ 0.2 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ mmHg Ϫ1 ; ⌬LBF, 46.6 Ϯ 9.8 ml/min; significant change from baseline: each P Ͻ 0.05), and, whereas during PEMI no significant increases in LVC and LBF occurred during NS itself (⌬LVC, 0.2 Ϯ 0.1 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ mmHg Ϫ1 ; ⌬LBF, 10.8 Ϯ 9.6 ml/min; each P Ͼ 0.05), a decrease was evident in each parameters at 5 s after the cessation of NS. Third, during PEMI, the decrease in MAP elicited by NS was smaller (⌬MAP, Ϫ8.4 Ϯ 1.0 vs. Ϫ5.8 Ϯ 0.4 mmHg, Con vs. PEMI; P Ͻ 0.05), and it recovered to its initial level more quickly after NS (vs. Con). Finally, however, the HR responses to NS and NP were not different between PEMI and Con. These results suggest that during muscle metaboreflex activation in humans, the arterial baroreflex dynamic effect on peripheral vascular conductance is modulated, as exemplified by 1) an augmentation of the NP-induced LVC decrease, and 2) a loss of the NS-induced LVC increase. skeletal muscle metaboreflex; carotid baroreflex; exercise DURING HEAVY EXERCISE, the arterial baroreflexes and the reflexes evoked by activation of those afferent nerve endings in the working skeletal muscles that are sensitive to metabolic changes (the so-called muscle metaboreflex) are hypothesized to be activated and, moreover, to interact in ways that lead to modulation of the primary cardiovascular reflex responses (6 -9, 15, 19, 20, 24, 25, 29, 31). Two types of interaction between these reflexes have been demonstrated to lead to such modulation. In the first type, the arterial baroreflexes act to oppose the pressor response elicited via the muscle metaboreflex (15,19,29,31). Evidence for this effect has been obtained during dynamic exercise in dogs (31) as well as during static handgrip exercise (29) and postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) in humans (15). The second type of interaction involves a modulation of arterial baroreflex function during muscle metaboreflex activation (6 -9, 20). However, these interactions (especially the second: viz. modulation of arterial baroreflex function by the muscle metaboreflex) and their consequences are not fully understood.Papelier et al. (20) found that during PEMI-induced muscle metaboreflex activation, the carotid sin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle metaboreflex modulates the arterial baroreflex dynamic effects on peripheral vascular conductance in humans

Ichinose¹,

Nishiyasu²

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…The effect of exercise to increase SNA is mediated in part by the parallel activation of central somatomotor and sympathetic pathways (central command) and by reflexes that arise from stimulation of mechanically and metabolically sensitive afferent nerve endings in the exercising muscles (exercise pressor reflex) (55). Both of these mechanisms also are implicated in the resetting of the arterial baroreflex to operate around a higher arterial pressure during exercise, which may further contribute to the sympathoexcitatory response (51,63). This resetting occurs without a change in sensitivity so that the baroreflex continues to modulate SNA in response to changes in blood pressure during exercise (25,63,76).…”

Section: Activation Of Muscle Sympathetic Nerves During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of these mechanisms also are implicated in the resetting of the arterial baroreflex to operate around a higher arterial pressure during exercise, which may further contribute to the sympathoexcitatory response (51,63). This resetting occurs without a change in sensitivity so that the baroreflex continues to modulate SNA in response to changes in blood pressure during exercise (25,63,76). These respective signaling pathways evoke specific changes in regional autonomic outflows during exercise, such that central command increases sympathetic discharge to skin and the heart (96, 97), whereas stimulation of the muscle metaboreceptors increases sympathetic discharge to both resting and exercising skeletal muscle (36,48,75,96).…”

Section: Activation Of Muscle Sympathetic Nerves During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Neural control of muscle blood flow during exercise

Thomas¹,

Segal

2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

220

174

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.-Activation of skeletal muscle fibers by somatic nerves results in vasodilation and functional hyperemia. Sympathetic nerve activity is integral to vasoconstriction and the maintenance of arterial blood pressure. Thus the interaction between somatic and sympathetic neuroeffector pathways underlies blood flow control to skeletal muscle during exercise. Muscle blood flow increases in proportion to the intensity of activity despite concomitant increases in sympathetic neural discharge to the active muscles, indicating a reduced responsiveness to sympathetic activation. However, increased sympathetic nerve activity can restrict blood flow to active muscles to maintain arterial blood pressure. In this brief review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the neural control of the circulation in exercising muscle by focusing on two main topics: 1) the role of motor unit recruitment and muscle fiber activation in generating vasodilator signals and 2) the nature of interaction between sympathetic vasoconstriction and functional vasodilation that occurs throughout the resistance network. Understanding how these control systems interact to govern muscle blood flow during exercise leads to a clear set of specific aims for future research.

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Endurance Exercise and the Regulation of Visceral and Cutaneous Blood Flow

Johnson¹

2000

Endurance in Sport

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13 Baroreflex Regulation of Blood Pressure during Dynamic Exercise

Cited by 111 publications

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Muscle metaboreflex modulates the arterial baroreflex dynamic effects on peripheral vascular conductance in humans

Muscle metaboreflex modulates the arterial baroreflex dynamic effects on peripheral vascular conductance in humans

Neural control of muscle blood flow during exercise

Endurance Exercise and the Regulation of Visceral and Cutaneous Blood Flow

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