130. Query: Orthogonal Coefficients for Unequal Intervals

Grandage, A.

doi:10.2307/2527790

Cited by 63 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Coefficients for unequal intervals were calculated according to procedures outlined by Grandage. 16 By conducting trend analyses, we could determine changes in NJMI and mechanical work across the 4 external-load conditions. Identifying a significant linear trend would suggest that NJMI/work increased linearly with increased external loading, whereas a concurrent significant linear and quadratic trend would suggest that NJMI/work increased to a certain point and then plateaued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior Lunge During 4 External-Load Conditions

Riemann

Lapinski

Smith

et al. 2012

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Comprehensive analysis of ankle, knee, and hip kinematics and kinetics during anterior lunge performance in young adults has not been studied. In addition, the effects of adding external resistance on the kinematics and kinetics are unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of external load on ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics and kinetics during the anterior lunge. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory environment. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 16 recreationally active, college-aged adults (8 men, 8 women). Intervention(s): Anterior lunges under 4 external-load conditions, 0% (control), 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of body mass. Main Outcome Measure(s): Ankle, knee, and hip peak flexion, net joint extensor moment impulse, and eccentric and concentric work were computed during the interval when the stepping limb was in contact with the ground. Additionally, 3 summary lunge characteristics were calculated. Results: No significant (P > .05) load effects were noted for peak flexion angles or the lunge characteristics except for peak vertical total-body center-of-mass displacement. Trend analysis of significant condition-by-joint interactions revealed significant linear trends for all 3 joints, with the hip greater than the ankle and the ankle greater than the knee. Additionally, as the external load increased, mechanical work increased linearly at the hip and ankle but not at the knee. Conclusions: From a kinematic perspective, the lunge involves greater motion at the knee, but from a kinetic perspective, the anterior lunge is a hip-extensor–dominant exercise. Adding external weight prompted the greatest joint kinetic increases at the hip and ankle, with little change in the knee contributions. These results can assist clinicians in deciding whether the characteristics of the anterior lunge match a patient's exercise needs during rehabilitation and performance-enhancement programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior Lunge During 4 External-Load Conditions

Riemann

Lapinski

Smith

et al. 2012

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…irrespective of the importance of their contribution to fatty acid composition. Orthogonal contrasts -n'ere conducted to allow comparisons among means in response to growth temperatures for bacterial fatty acids (Grandage, 1958), and for bacteroid and nodule fatty acids (Steel & Torrie, 1980).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different temperatures on the fatty acid composition of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in the faba bean symbiosis

Théberge

Prévost²,

Chalifour

1996

New Phytologist

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summary Fatty acid composition was determined in cells of strains CBhS and CBp7 of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae grown at four temperatures (10, 15, 22 and 30°C), and in bacteroids and nodules formed with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown at two day/night temperature regimes (22/15 and 15/10°C). Growth temperature markedly affected the fatty acid composition of free‐living bacteria in both strains studied, and both showed similar variations at each temperature. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased significantly with lowering of temperature. The major fatty acid found in bacteria and bacteroids was cis‐vaccenic (C18: 1Δ11), which comprised up to c. 78 (bacteria) and 56% (bacteroids) of total fatty acids. The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic (C18:Δ,9,12) and linolenic (C18:3Δ9,12,15) acids) was noted only in bacteroids, indicating changes following the differentiation of bacteria into bacteroids in the nodules. The fatty acid composition of nodules was similar to that of bacteroids, although major differences were found in their proportions. The different day/night temperature regimes had contrasting effects in bacteroids and in nodules. In bacteroids of both strains, the proportions of stearic (C18:0) and linoleic (C18:Δ9,12) acids decreased at the lower temperature regime. In nodules, the proportion of stearic (C18:0) acid decreased, while that of linolenic (C18:3Δ9,12,15) acid increased at the lower temperature regime. However, those of cis‐vaccenic (C18:1Δ11), linoleic (C18:Δ9,12,15) and palmitic (C16:0) acids increased or decreased depending on the rhizobial strain. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the lowering of temperatures in bacteroids of both strains, and varied in whole nodules depending on the strain. Strain CBp7 showed a greater symbiotic efficiency (dry matter yield) than strain CBh5 under both temperature regimes, but no relationship was found with the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids of bacteria, bacteroids or nodules.

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“…for incubated tissues from 6 possums. t Linear and quadratic components of variance due to 'Amounts of tissue' were found by using the method of Grandage (1958).…”

Section: >01mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostatic function in the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

Cook¹,

McDonald²,

Gibson³

1978

Reproduction

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Summary. Perspex casts were made of the reproductive tract and the blood vessels supplying the prostate of the brush-tailed possum. The urethra is surrounded by a network of arteries and veins from which a large number of small vessels radiate into the body of the prostate. This complex of vessels might be capable of transferring androgens carried from the epididymis to the urethra into the prostatic parenchyma. Testosterone 5\g=a\-reductase was of highest specific activity in the epididymis and was more active in the posterior than the central prostate; the two metabolites of testosterone detected were 5\g=a\-dihydrotestosterone and 5\g=a\-androstane-3\g=a\,17\g=b\-diol. In 3 untreated possums in December the mean serum concentrations of testosterone, DHT and androstenedione were 3\ m=. \ 8, 1\ m=. \ 9 and 0\m=.\4 ng/ml, respectively. Zinc concentrations (mean \ m=+-\ s.e.m., N = 3) were 1\ m=. \ 6 \ m=+-\ 0\ m=. \ 1 \g=m\g/ml serum, 61 \ m=+-\ 13 \g=m\g/g central prostate, and 13 \ m=+-\ 2 \g=m\g/g posterior prostate. There was a positive correlation between serum testosterone concentration and prostatic weight.

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130. Query: Orthogonal Coefficients for Unequal Intervals

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior Lunge During 4 External-Load Conditions

Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior Lunge During 4 External-Load Conditions

The effect of different temperatures on the fatty acid composition of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in the faba bean symbiosis

Prostatic function in the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

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