13C n.m.r. and g.p.c.—low-angle laser light scattering measurements on polyacrylonitrile prepared by urea clathrate polymerization in the solid state for the optimization of tacticity

Minagawa, Masahiro; Takasu, Toru; Shinozaki, Satoshi; Yoshii, Fumio; Morishita, Norio

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(95)97331-9

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Before exi.e., the same tacticity as observed for PAN synpanding on this technical problem, a rapid overthesized by an ultraviolet irradiation of acryloniview of the known relaxation mechanisms in PAN trile-urea canal complex. 15 The loss tangent-temis worthwhile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mechanical thermal and infrared analyses of polyacrylonitrile ?electrografted? onto a metal

Calberg

Mertens

Baute

et al. 1998

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mechanical thermal and infrared analyses of polyacrylonitrile ?electrografted? onto a metal

Calberg

Mertens

Baute

et al. 1998

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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Acrylonitrile Polymers, Survey and Styrene‐Acrylonitrile (SAN)

2001

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Acrylonitrile (AN) is a versatile and reactive monomer that can be polymerized under a wide variety of conditions and copolymerized with an extensive range of other vinyl monomers due to its polar nature and reactivity. Because of the difficulty of melt processing acrylonitrile homopolymer, acrylonitrile is usually copolymerized to achieve a desirable thermal stability, melt flow and physical properties. As a comonomer, acrylonitrile provides rigidity, chemical and solvent rsistance, and gas‐impermeable properties. Acrylonitrile‐continuing polymers are used in the areas of textile fibers, carbon fiber percursors, adhesives, binders, antioxidants, medicines, dyes, electrical insulations, emulsifying agents, graphic arts materials, insecticides, leather, paper, plasticizers, soil‐modifying agents, solvents, surface coatings, textile treatments, viscosity modifiers, azeotropic distillations, artificial organs, lubricants, asphalt additives, water‐soluble polymers, hollow spheres, cross‐linking agents, and catalyst treatments. Styrene is the largest volume acrylonitrile comonomer for thermoplastic applications. Styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers are inherently transparent plastics with high heat resistance and excellent gloss and chemical resistance. They are also characterized by good hardness, rigidity, dimensional stability, and load‐bearing strength. In general, the styrene component of SAN resins offers clarity, stiffness, and processability, while the acrylonitrile provides chemical and heat resistance. Because of their inherent transparency, SAN copolymers are most frquently used in clear application. These optically clear materials can be readily processed by extrusion and injection molding, but they lack real impact resistance. SAN resins show considerable sesistance to solvents and insouble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyle alcohol, gasoline, and hydrocarbon solvents. Polar solvents such as acetone, chlorofrom, and pryidine will dissolve SAN. The properties of SAN are significantly altered by water absorption. Commercially, SAN is manufactured by three processes: emulsion, suspension, and continuous mass polymerization. More than 75% of the SAN resin produced is believed to be used captively for ABS compounding and in the production of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate (ASA) and acrylonitrile–EPDM–styrene (AES) weatherable copolymers. Overall, U.S. SAN consumption other than ABS compounding and ASA/AES polymers production has been relatively stable for the past few years, ranging from 43 to 44.5 × 10 3 metric tons between 1994 and 1996. SAN resins themslaves appear to pose few health problems, and they have been approved by the FDA for direct food contact. Copolymers of acrylonitrile and methly acrylate and terpolymers of acrylonitrile, styrene, and methyl methacrylate are used as barrier polymers. Acrylonitrile multipolymers containging indene, methyl methacrylate, and α‐methyl methacrylate are used as PVC modifiers for HDT and processability improvement. Well‐defined acrylonitrile polymers can be prepared by an atom transfer radical (living radical) polymerization process.

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Acrylonitrile and Acrylonitrile Polymers

Wu¹

2001

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Acrylonitrile is a versatile and reactive monomer that can be polymerized under a wide variety of conditions and copolymerized with an extensive range of other vinyl monomers because of its polar nature and reactivity. Because of the difficulty of melt processing the acrylonitrile homopolymer, acrylonitrile is usually copolymerized to achieve a desirable thermal stability, melt flow, and physical properties. Acrylonitrile‐containing polymers are used in the areas of textile fibers, carbon fiber percursors, adhesives, binders, antioxidants, medicines, dyes, electrical insulations, emulsifying agents, graphic arts materials, insecticides, leather, paper, plasticizers, soil‐modifying agents, solvents, surface coatings, textile treatments, viscosity modifiers, azeotropic distillations, artificial organs, lubricants, asphalt additives, water‐soluble polymers, hollow spheres, cross‐linking agents, and catalyst treatments. Styrene is the largest volume acrylonitrile comonomer for thermoplastic applications. Styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers are inherently transparent plastics with high heat resistance and excellent gloss and chemical resistance. They are also characterized by good hardness, rigidity, dimensional stability, and load‐bearing strength. In general, the styrene component of SAN resins offers clarity, stiffness, and processibility, while the acrylonitrile provides chemical and heat resistance. Because of their inherent transparency, SAN copolymers are most frequently used in clear application. These optically clear materials can be readily processed by extrusion and injection molding, but they lack real impact resistance. SAN resins show considerable resistance to solvents and are insoluble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, and hydrocarbon solvents. Polar solvents dissolve SAN. The properties of SAN are significantly altered by water absorption. Commercially, SAN is manufactured by three processes: emulsion, suspension, and continuous mass polymerization. More than 75% of the SAN resin produced is believed to be used captively for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene compounding and in the production of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate and acrylonitrile–EPDM–styrene weatherable copolymers. SAN resins appear to pose few health problems, and they have been approved by the FDA for direct food contact. Copolymers of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate and terpolymers of acrylonitrile, styrene, and methyl methacrylate are used as barrier polymers. Acrylonitrile multipolymers containing indene; methyl methacrylate, and α‐methylstyrene are used as poly(vinyl chloride) modifiers for heat distortion temperature and processibility improvement.

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13C n.m.r. and g.p.c.—low-angle laser light scattering measurements on polyacrylonitrile prepared by urea clathrate polymerization in the solid state for the optimization of tacticity

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Dynamic mechanical thermal and infrared analyses of polyacrylonitrile ?electrografted? onto a metal

Dynamic mechanical thermal and infrared analyses of polyacrylonitrile ?electrografted? onto a metal

Acrylonitrile Polymers, Survey and Styrene‐Acrylonitrile (SAN)

Acrylonitrile and Acrylonitrile Polymers

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