14. Backpacker Transport Choice: A Conceptual Framework Applied to New Zealand

Backpacker tourism: concepts and profiles

“…& Niggel, 2005) Australia (Mohsin & Ryan, 2003) To broaden knowledge about the world When comparing the findings of the study with the motivations found in the literature, it is clear that the need to explore and learn as well as curiosity and the search for the meaning of the world, which was identified by Andrzej and Buchanan (2001) and Luthans (1995) as innate and central drives or motives, proved to be most significant to the backpackers. Furthermore, the escapism motive, which has been identified by numerous studies (Cohen, 2003a;Loker-Murphy & Pearce, 1995;Riley, 1988;Spreitzhofer, 1998;Vance, 2004), was highly significant to the sample and the third most important push motive overall. As the motive 'to have a good time with friends' had a high score of 4.9, it confirmed Burns and Holden (1995) and Riley's (1988) claim that enjoyment and fun are important tourism motivations.…”

“…With OE, travel status could be gained through 'independent' travel, with the degree of independence determined by the mode of transport used. This is an interesting finding in light of Vance's (2004) assertion that backpackers' choices of transport modes have scarcely been considered in backpacker literature. Other studies have reported that status accrues from cheapness of travel or from visiting unique, or previously undiscovered, destinations (Riley, 1988).…”

“…For the backpackers themselves there appears to be an increasing gap between the ideology and practice of backpacking (Cohen, 2004). The ideology of the backpacker might still be epitomised by notions of freedom and mobility and yet the reality often describes travellers collected together in the enclaves of Khao San Rd in Bangkok or King's Cross in Sydney (Cohen, 2004;Loker, 1994;Loker-Murphy & Pearce, 1995;Richards & Wilson, 2004a;Scheyvens, 2002), or those travelling on organised backpacker travel networks such as the Kiwi Experience in New Zealand (Moran, 1999;Vance, 2004). Indeed, one could be forgiven for thinking that the only destinations attracting backpackers are either the 'exotic' locations in Asia, South America and occasionally Africa (Sørensen, 2003) or those countries found 'down under' such as Australia and New Zealand (Loker, 1994;Loker-Murphy & Pearce, 1995;Newlands, 2004;Riley, 1988).…”

Why the host community just isn’t enough: Processes and impacts of backpacker social interactions

“…As backpackers often follow similar routes throughout a country, they frequently find themselves in – or seek out – meeting places for Western travellers (Howard, 2007; Huxley, 2004; Wilson and Richards, 2008). Indeed, there is now a degree of institutionalization of backpacker tourism through increased organization, similar travel paths and targeted product development (Ateljevic and Doorne, 2004; Vance, 2004) that contributes to such enclaves and thus often to fewer interactions with the host community (Bushell and Anderson, 2010; Howard, 2007; Wilson et al, 2008) by functioning as a barrier to authentic local culture (Huxley, 2004). The gap between original motivations and practice, the difficulty of obtaining these desired cultural experiences, is partially filled by the surrogate cultural experiences available in such enclaves through this existing subculture (Wilson and Richards, 2008), raising the question what role social interactions play within the individual travel experience and for its underlying motivations of self-development and cultural exploration.…”

Le rapport à la temporalité du backpacker

“…Les secondes analysent plutôt le backpacking en interrogeant des voyageurs circulant sur une zone géographique prédéterminée en y entremêlant les origines nationales. Ces zones concernent principalement l'Océa-nie (Loker-Murphy et Pearce, 1995 ;Loker-Murphy, 1996 ;Vance, 2004 ;Cooper et al, 2004 ;Peel et Steen, 2007 ;Pearce et Foster, 2007) et l'Asie (Tsaur et al, 1997 ;Spreitzhofer, 1998 ;hampton, 1998 ;Teas, 1988 ;Teo et Leong, 2006 ;Muzaini, 2006). Les troisièmes privilé-gient une approche plus « globale » parce qu'elles additionnent les zones géographiques et les origines nationales ou encore parce qu'elles proposent une lecture plus générale du phénomène backpacking (Murphy, 2001 ;Scheyvens, 2002 ;Sørensen, 2003 ;Cohen, 2004 ;Maoz, 2007 ;Lachance, 2007Lachance, , 2010aLachance, , 2010b.…”