1472 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on intestinal villi integrity in neonatal calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium spp

Flores, Sonia Vázquez; Carrillo, M. de Jesús Guerrero; Scott, Mark; Hamann, J.; Almanza, S.; Bravo, C. Guizar; Quintana, A. Patricia Baños; Vargasb, P. Jazmin Aranda

doi:10.2527/jam2016-1472

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This finding may indicate some, although partial effect of the SCFP on the endogenous multiplication of Cryptosporidium, possibly resulting from a modified intestinal environment. Assuming this is correct, a reduced endogenous multiplication of the parasite would result in less pathological alterations in the intestinal mucosa corresponding with the histological findings by Vázquez Flores et al (2016), albeit obviously without clinical improvement. In this context it is of interest to mention that SCFP had been shown to have a positive effect on the intestinal development of preweaned calves (Xiao et al, 2016) and a positive immunomodulatory effect in animals (Park, 2014;Chou et al, 2017).…”

Section: Effect Of S Cerevisiae Fermentation Products On Cryptosporimentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Therefore, there is a demand for alternatives. The results of an experimental study had suggested a reduction of histopathological alterations in the small intestines caused by Cryptosporidium in calves when SCFP had been fed (Vázquez Flores et al, 2016).The present longitudinal study was performed to evaluate, for the first time under field conditions, the effects of a long-term feeding with two non-GMO SCFP against Cryptosporidium infection in neonatal calves in comparison with both a prophylactically HALO treated and an untreated group. As main results, the HALO treatment showed a partial anticryptosporidial activity but not a significant clinical effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was reported recently that 4-week feeding of neonatal Cryptosporidium-infected calves with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products resulted in significantly less fragmented and atrophied villi of the lower small intestines in comparison to untreated controls, suggesting a preventive effect of these products against the infection (Vázquez Flores et al, 2016). Therefore, the present longitudinal (cohort) study was performed to determine the parasitological, clinical and economical effects of S. cerevisiae fermentation products against Cryptosporidium infections in neonatal calves in comparison with both a 'positive' (halofuginone treated) and 'negative' (untreated) control group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Long-term use of yeast fermentation products in comparison to halofuginone for the control of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves

Vélez

Lange

Zieger

et al. 2019

Veterinary Parasitology

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A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of non-GMO Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) with that of a halofuginone treatment against Cryptosporidium parvum infection in pre-weaned calves on a commercial dairy farm. A total of 123 neonatal female calves, housed in individual hutches, were enrolled sequentially based on date of birth in 41 blocks of 3 animals each. Calves within each block were allocated to one of 3 treatments: remaining untreated, fed with SCFP (Diamond V SmartCare ® at 1 g/d in milk and NutriTek ® at 5 g/d in starter grain) for the first 63 days of life, or treated with halofuginone (0.1 mg/kg/d) for the first 7 days of life. Fecal samples collected on days 4-21 post-partum were examined for both Cryptosporidium oocysts and coproantigen. The presence and intensity of diarrhea were monitored by scoring daily for the first 4 weeks of life. Calves were weighed at 0, 21, 42 and 63 days of age. Almost all calves were Cryptosporidium-positive at least once during the study. Halofuginone significantly reduced the number of Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples as compared to the two other groups. Based on the coproantigen scores, both halofuginone and SCFP feeding significantly reduced the intensity of Cryptosporidium infection as compared to the untreated group. Diarrhea was recorded in almost all calves at least once. Neither the proportion of diarrheic calves nor the intensity and duration of diarrhea differed among the 3 treatment groups significantly. The mean daily weight gain during the first 3 weeks of life was significantly lower in halofuginone treated calves than in both other groups; however, at the end of the study period the total weight gain did not significantly differ among the 3 treatment groups. In conclusion, the clinical results and weight gains of pre-weaning supplementation with the SCFP were neither better nor worse than the 7-day halofuginone treatment suggesting that the SCFP feeding may be from the clinical point of view a natural alternative measure, instead of halofuginone treatment, in bovine cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Effect Of S Cerevisiae Fermentation Products On Cryptosporimentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-term use of yeast fermentation products in comparison to halofuginone for the control of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves

Vélez

Lange

Zieger

et al. 2019

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Supplementation of SCFP has been shown to have positive impacts on performance, health, and immunity in humans and multiple animal species, including swine, poultry, and cattle ( Moyad et al, 2009 ; Shen et al, 2011 ; Brewer et al, 2014 ; Alugongo et al, 2017 ). In preweaned calves, SCFP added to the milk and starter grain have beneficial effects on rumen development and the gut microbiota and improve the outcome of Salmonella enterica challenge and Cryptosporidium parvum infection ( Brewer et al, 2014 ; Vázquez Flores et al, 2016 ; Vélez et al, 2019 ). Anecdotal reports from the field have suggested that SCFP supplementation may also improve the outcome of BRD in young calves, in dairy heifers when transitioning to group pens and freestalls, and in feedlot animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product modulates innate immune function and ameliorates bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonatal calves

Mahmoud

Slate

Hong

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of oral supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; SmartCare and NutriTek; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on immune function and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in preweaned dairy calves. Twenty-four Holstein x Angus, 1-2 day old calves (38.46 ± 0.91 kg initial body weight) were assigned two treatment groups: control; or SCFP treated, milk replacer with 1 g/d SCFP (SmartCare) and calf starter top-dressed with 5 g/d SCFP (NutriTek). The study consisted of one 31 d period. On d 19-21 of the supplementation period, calves were challenged via aerosol inoculation with BRSV strain 375. Calves were monitored twice daily for clinical signs, including rectal temperature, cough, nasal and ocular discharge, respiration effort and lung auscultation. Calves were euthanized on d 10 post infection (d 29-31 of the supplementation period) to evaluate gross lung pathology and pathogen load. Supplementation with SCFP did not affect body weight (P = 0.762) or average daily gain (P = 0.750), percentages of circulating white blood cells (P < 0.05), phagocytic (P = 0.427 for neutrophils and P = 0.460 for monocytes) or respiratory burst (P = 0.119 for neutrophils and P = 0.414 for monocytes) activity by circulating leukocytes either before or following BRSV infection, or serum cortisol concentrations (P = 0.321) after BRSV infection. Calves receiving SCFP had reduced clinical disease scores compared to control calves (P = 0.030); reduced airway neutrophil recruitment (P < 0.002); reduced lung pathology (P = 0.031); and a reduced incidence of secondary bacterial infection. Calves receiving SCFP shed reduced virus compared to control calves (P = 0.049) and tended towards lower viral loads in the lungs (P = 0.051). Immune cells from the peripheral blood of SCFP treated calves produced increased (P < 0.05) quantities of IL-6 and TNFα in response to toll-like receptor stimulation; while cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of SCFP treated calves secreted less (P < 0.05) proinflammatory cytokines in response to the same stimuli. Treatment with SCFP had no effect on virus-specific T cell responses in the blood, but resulted in reduced (P = 0.045) virus-specific IL-17 secretion by T cells in the BAL. Supplementing with SCFP modulates both systemic and mucosal immune responses and may improve the outcome of an acute respiratory viral infection in preweaned dairy calves.

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“…This ex vivo model allows not only the inclusion of all specialized cell types in the intestinal niche (Figure 2), but also individual intestinal micro-and mycobiomes, which have been demonstrated to influence cryptosporidiosis outcomes in both humans and bovines [4,17] (Figure 2). Bacteria-and yeast-derived molecules (i.e., bacterial indole and yeast-derived fermentation products) have been revealed as molecular markers of cryptosporidiosis in humans [17] and proven to reduce enteritis-derived symptoms of naturally C. parvum-infected-calves in the field [4,43], respectively. Illustration of possible microbiota-host epithelial cell-C. parvum interactions, with description of diverse specialized gut cells of the small intestinal villi.…”

Section: Cryptosporidium Parvum Replication In Bsi Explants Under Physioxic Oxygen Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Metabolic Insights into Ex Vivo Cryptosporidium parvum-Infected Bovine Small Intestinal Explants Studied under Physioxic Conditions

Vélez

Silva

Gärtner

et al. 2021

Biology

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The apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum causes thousands of human deaths yearly. Since bovines represent the most important reservoir of C. parvum, the analysis of infected bovine small intestinal (BSI) explants cultured under physioxia offers a realistic model to study C. parvum–host cell–microbiome interactions. Here, C. parvum-infected BSI explants and primary bovine small intestinal epithelial cells were analysed for parasite development and metabolic reactions. Metabolic conversion rates in supernatants of BSI explants were measured after infection, documenting an immediate parasite-driven metabolic interference. Given that oxygen concentrations affect cellular metabolism, measurements were performed at both 5% O2 (physiological intestinal conditions) and 21% O2 (commonly used, hyperoxic lab conditions). Overall, analyses of C. parvum-infected BSI explants revealed a downregulation of conversion rates of key metabolites—such as glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and aspartate—at 3 hpi, followed by a rapid increase in the same conversion rates at 6 hpi. Moreover, PCA revealed physioxia as a driving factor of metabolic responses in C. parvum-infected BSI explants. Overall, the ex vivo model described here may allow scientists to address pending questions as to how host cell–microbiome alliances influence intestinal epithelial integrity and support the development of protective intestinal immune reactions against C. parvum infections in a realistic scenario under physioxic conditions.

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1472 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on intestinal villi integrity in neonatal calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium spp

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term use of yeast fermentation products in comparison to halofuginone for the control of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves

Long-term use of yeast fermentation products in comparison to halofuginone for the control of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves

Supplementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product modulates innate immune function and ameliorates bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonatal calves

First Metabolic Insights into Ex Vivo Cryptosporidium parvum-Infected Bovine Small Intestinal Explants Studied under Physioxic Conditions

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