15% efficient carbon based planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells using a TiO₂/SnO₂bilayer as the electron transport layer

Abstract

Low-temperature printable carbon based planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 15% were demonstrated by using a TiO2/SnO2bilayer as ETL together with CuPc as HTL.

Effect of Optimization of TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Rough FTO Substrates

“…The ETL plays an important role in extracting electrons from the perovskite layer. It can prevent contact between the fluorine-doped SnO 2 (FTO) and perovskite layer to avoid the recombination of electrons and holes, and reduce energy loss at the interface [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Zwitterion Nondetergent Sulfobetaine-Modified SnO2 as an Efficient Electron Transport Layer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells

“…Both TiO 2 and ZnO are unstable under UV light exposure because of their high photocatalytic activity. 24 Typically, TiO 2 requires a high temperature (up to 500 °C) and long (2–5 h) annealing procedure to convert it into the conductive phase, hindering its use in final iOSC products, where roll-to-roll industrial processing on flexible substrates (temperature processing below 200 °C) is employed. 25 Furthermore, iOSCs using TiO 2 or ZnO ETLs usually suffer from light-soaking problems; that is, very poor device performance of these iOSCs is observed in the absence of UV sources.…”

Facile Solution Spin-Coating SnO2 Thin Film Covering Cracks of TiO2 Hole Blocking Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Currently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been recognized as the most promising alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells due to high conversion efficiency, low manufacturing cost, and simple process [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. As for typical planar heterojunction PSCs composed of working electrode (cathode)/hole blocking layer/perovskite layer/electron blocking layer/counter electrode (anode), the hole blocking layer plays an important role in extracting electrons from the perovskite layer and, as well as, suppressing recombination of holes and electrons between the perovskite layer and FTO [8][9][10][11]. A uniform, pinhole-free and well electrically conductive hole blocking layer is highly demanded for well performed planar heterojunction PSCs [8,12].…”

“…As for typical planar heterojunction PSCs composed of working electrode (cathode)/hole blocking layer/perovskite layer/electron blocking layer/counter electrode (anode), the hole blocking layer plays an important role in extracting electrons from the perovskite layer and, as well as, suppressing recombination of holes and electrons between the perovskite layer and FTO [8][9][10][11]. A uniform, pinhole-free and well electrically conductive hole blocking layer is highly demanded for well performed planar heterojunction PSCs [8,12]. Liao et al found that the pinholes on the surface of the single SnO 2 hole blocking layer coating on the rough FTO substrate were still hard to eliminate.…”

“…Liao et al found that the pinholes on the surface of the single SnO 2 hole blocking layer coating on the rough FTO substrate were still hard to eliminate. Therefore, radio-frequency magnetron sputtering TiO 2 fully covered the surface of the FTO electrode, thus passivating the FTO surface defects and reducing the recombination, finally utilizing TiO 2 /SnO 2 bilayer as hole blocking layer to improve device performance [8,13]. Furthermore, TiO 2 compact layer has commonly been used as the hole blocking layer in the planar heterojunction PSCs.…”