1700 nm broadband laser source enables deep brain optical biopsy

Tang, Ping; Wang, Ke

doi:10.1038/s41377-021-00652-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To study CSF and compare that with the brain tissue finding is thus highly relevant. This is important since one cannot yet expect deep brain biopsy ( Yu et al, 1998 ; Yamada et al, 2004 ; Moriuchi et al, 2011 ; Ritz et al, 2011 ; Ooba et al, 2013 ; Iijima et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Arakawa et al, 2020 ; Qin et al, 2021 ; Tang and Wang, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ) to be a realistic diagnostic tool to distinct either iNPH or sNPH from AD. Furthermore, there are already less invasive biomarkers, from brain imaging and CSF, available for that ( Nakajima et al, 2010 ; Torretta et al, 2021 ; Jeppsson et al, 2022 ; Mazzeo et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2022

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Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are somewhat similar, and it is common to misdiagnose these two conditions. Although there are fluid markers detectable in humans with NPH and AD, determining which biomarker is optimal in representing genetic characteristics consistent throughout species is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that NPH can be differentiated from AD with mRNA biomarkers of unvaried proximity to telomeres. We examined human caudate nucleus tissue samples for the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using the genome data viewer, we analyzed the mutability of TRPV4 and other genes in mice, rats, and humans through matching nucleotides of six genes of interest and one house keeping gene with two factors associated with high mutation rate: 1) proximity to telomeres or 2) high adenine and thymine (A + T) content. We found that TRPV4 and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) mRNA were elevated in NPH. In AD, mRNA expression of TRPV4 was unaltered unlike APP and other genes. In mice, rats, and humans, the nucleotide size of TRPV4 did not vary, while in other genes, the sizes were inconsistent. Proximity to telomeres in TRPV4 was <50 Mb across species. Our analyses reveal that TRPV4 gene size and mutability are conserved across three species, suggesting that TRPV4 can be a potential link in the pathophysiology of chronic hydrocephalus in aged humans (>65 years) and laboratory rodents at comparable ages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2022

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“…For example, microscopes are essential for histology and histopathology studies. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Another important utilization of microscopy is for detection of disease causing pathogens 8,9,10 ,11,12,13 . However, microscopy based diagnostic tests are usually carried out in laboratory setting, due to several constraints such as high cost, bulky instrumentation, and the need for trained experts for handling and data analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional microlens array for low-cost high-resolution bio-imaging

Khoubafarin

Nath²,

Popofski³

et al. 2023

Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings IX

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Mobile microscopes, which are cost-effective and field-portable, are rapidly gaining popularity for a variety of different applications, including disease diagnostics. Different imaging modalities, based on transmission, absorption, scattering, phase change, and fluorescence have been developed, depending on the specific application. Mobile microscopes are typically designed to have single magnification, and the maximum achievable resolution is limited by the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the objective lens, due to diffraction of light. Here we present a low-cost imaging substrate containing a two-dimensional (2D) microlens array that enables multi-modal imaging (phase-contrast, dark-field, and fluorescence) with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. The substrate is placed in contact with the sample to form a sandwich structure and the image magnification is attributed to the formation of virtual images by the individual microspheres. This reusable substrate can be easily attached to and detached from the sample, with minimal to no sample damage. A variety of different sizes of glass microspheres (40- 500 𝜇m) were explored and their performance was characterized using fluorescent particles (200 nm – 1 μm). The substrate enabled imaging with sub-400nm resolution, using a low magnification objective lens with N.A.~0.25. Proof-of-concept experiments with this substrate were performed by imaging mammalian tissues, red blood cells, including sickle cells. This technique provides a low-cost, easy- to-use method of improving the resolution of multi-modal imaging systems, which is particularly useful for mobile microscopy applications.

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“…As powerful tools, optical imaging techniques have been widely used because of their high spatiotemporal resolutions. Examples such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), [ 6 , 7 ] photoacoustic imaging, [ 8 ] and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy imaging [ 9 , 10 ] facilitate studies on the structural and functional dynamics of cells and vasculature. However, the imaging depth and resolution are limited due to the high scattering of skull.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Long‐Term Clearing Cranial Window for Longitudinal Imaging of Cortical and Calvarial Ischemic Injury through the Intact Skull

2022

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Skull is a reservoir for supplying immune cells that mediate brain immune surveillance. However, during intravital optical imaging of brain, conventional cranial windows requiring skull thinning or removal disrupt brain immunity integrity. Here, a novel long‐term clearing cranial window (LCCW) based on the intact skull, dedicated to chronic skull transparency maintenance, is proposed. It significantly improves optical imaging resolution and depth, by which the cortical and calvarial vascular injury and regeneration processes after ischemic injury are longitudinally monitored in awake mice. Results show that calvarial blood vessels recover earlier than the cortex. And the transcriptome analysis reveals that gene expression patterns and immune cells abundances exist substantial differences between brain and skull after ischemic injury, which may be one of the causes for the time lag between their vascular recovery. These findings bring great enlightenment to vascular regeneration and reconstruction. Moreover, LCCW provides a minimally invasive approach for imaging the brain and skull bone marrow.

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1700 nm broadband laser source enables deep brain optical biopsy

Abstract: An OCM system that employs a 1700 nm broadband laser source enables cellular level deep brain imaging, providing cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural information across cortical depth, without requiring tissue slicing. CC – corpus callosum.

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer’s disease

TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer’s disease

Two-dimensional microlens array for low-cost high-resolution bio-imaging

A Long‐Term Clearing Cranial Window for Longitudinal Imaging of Cortical and Calvarial Ischemic Injury through the Intact Skull

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