1D and 3D numerical simulations in PEM fuel cells

Falcão, D.S.; Gomes, Paulo J.; Oliveira, Vânia; Pinho, C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.133

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For the uniform and zigzag pattern of porous carbon inserts the porosity value was varied from 0.6 to 0.9. The various equations which are solved in this study (discussed in sections 2.3 to 2.5) are taken from the Falcao et al [21] and are as follows:…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study Fuel Cell and Electrolysis Model is used to solve the two potential equations and they are as follows [21]: [20] Anode charge transfer coefficient 2 [20] Anode exchange current density 10,000 A·m −2 [20] Reference cathode concentration 1 k·mol·m −3 [20] Cathode charge transfer coefficient 2 [20] Cathode exchange current density 20 A·m −2 [20] Physical Parameters Value Units Reference GDL Porosity 0.5 [20] Thermal conductivity 10 W·m −1 ·K −1 [20] Density 2719 kg·m −3 [20] Electrical conductivity 5000 ohm −1 ·m −1 [20] Catalyst Layer Porosity 0.5 [20] Surface/volume ratio 200,000 m −1 [20] Thermal conductivity 10 W·m −1 ·K −1 [20] Electrical conductivity 5000 ohm −1 ·m −1 [20] Membrane Thermal conductivity 2 W·m −1 ·K −1 [20] Dry membrane density 1980 kg·m −3 [20] Equivalent weight 1100 kg·K −1 ·mol −1 [20] Electrical conductivity 1 × 10…”

Section: Electrochemistry Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following conservation equation governs the formation of the water (in liquid form) and its transport [21]:…”

Section: Liquid Water Formation and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where s is the volume fraction of liquid water or the water saturation, the subscript l stands for liquid water, ε is the porosity, ρ is the density and w r is the rate of following conservation equation which is defined as [21]:…”

Section: Liquid Water Formation and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The convective term in Equation (11) isreplaced by the capillary diffusion termto form the following conservation equation (used for high resistant porous zones) [21]:…”

Section: Liquid Water Formation and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Enhancement of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Pin Type Flow Channel with Porous Inserts

Karthikeyan¹,

Anand²

2015

JPEE

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The design of the flow field is highly responsible for the performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In this study, pin type flow channel is numerically analyzed by arranging carbon made porous material in uniform and zigzag manner on the rib surface of the flow field. The study focuses on enhancing the performance of PEMFC by reducing liquid flooding in the interface between the rib and Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL). A single PEMFC having an active area of 25 cm 2 , with three flow channel designs (conventional serpentine, pin type flow channel with 2 mm cubical porous inserts in zigzag and uniform pattern) are modeled for the numerical analysis. The effect of porosity of the carbon inserts on the cell performance is studied by varying its value from 0.6 to 0.9. The results show that the performance of the flow channel with zigzag and uniformly positioned porous inserts is more than the conventional serpentine flow channel by 20.36% and 16.87% respectively. The reason for this increase is the removal of the accumulated water from the rib surface due to the capillary action of the porous carbon inserts. This helps in eliminating the stagnant water regions under the rib and thereby helps in reducing liquid flooding.

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Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemistry Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following conservation equation governs the formation of the water (in liquid form) and its transport [21]:…”

Section: Liquid Water Formation and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liquid Water Formation and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The convective term in Equation (11) isreplaced by the capillary diffusion termto form the following conservation equation (used for high resistant porous zones) [21]:…”

Section: Liquid Water Formation and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Enhancement of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Pin Type Flow Channel with Porous Inserts

Karthikeyan¹,

Anand²

2015

JPEE

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Model‐based diagnosis of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation

Heidari¹,

Esmaili

Ranjbar³

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary It is of vital importance to utilize diagnostic tools that are capable of quickly identifying faulty conditions during cell operation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a popular technique for monitoring proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance and physics‐based models are a sophisticated tool for predicting cell behavior and interpreting the data achieved by EIS. In this study, a transient, one‐dimensional, two‐phase model for PEMFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was developed. By coding in MATLAB, the system of equations was solved and EIS spectra were obtained over the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. The effects of Pt loss and ionomer distribution on EIS spectrum were investigated. The results indicate that the low‐frequency intercept of the impedance spectrum with the real axis, also known as the low‐frequency resistance (LFR), is an ideal indicator of Pt degradation and if not mitigated in the early stages, Pt degradation can significantly deteriorate cell electrochemical performance (up to 27% increase in LFR for the cases studied). The impact of heterogeneous ionomer distribution in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) on the high‐frequency portion of the impedance spectrum, also known as the “straight line” in the literature, is investigated. The results show that the length and the slope of the straight line are great indicators of ionomer degradation as the slope of the straight line deviated up to 16° from the ideal 45° (in case of a uniform distribution of ionomer in CCL) and the length of the straight line decreased about 44% for the cases studied. Highlights A transient, one‐dimensional, two‐phase model of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell suitable for diagnostic applications is developed. Effects of cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation on cell electrochemical impedance spectrum are investigated. The low‐frequency resistance is an ideal indicator of Pt degradation. The shape of the high‐frequency portion of the impedance spectrum could be utilized for ionomer degradation monitoring.

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A one-dimensional and two-phase flow model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Ferreira

Falcão

Oliveira

2015

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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BACKGROUND: Mathematical models are very important tools for the development of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this work, a one-dimensional, steady-state and two-phase flow model of a PEM fuel cell is presented. RESULTS:The present two-phase flow model is able to predict the experimental results more accurately than its single-phase counterpart, especially for high current values. In addition, the model presented here also allows calculation of the threshold current density defining the boundary between single and two-phase regimes, which can be used to provide a set of operating conditions avoiding a high content of liquid water and the resulting negative effects on cell performance. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to its low demand on computational time, the proposed model can be used for PEM fuel cells system simulations, offering many advantages over empirical models.

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1D and 3D numerical simulations in PEM fuel cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Performance Enhancement of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Pin Type Flow Channel with Porous Inserts

Performance Enhancement of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Pin Type Flow Channel with Porous Inserts

Model‐based diagnosis of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst layer microstructure degradation

A one-dimensional and two-phase flow model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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